The ZBD-04 or Type 04 is a Chineseinfantry fighting vehicle. It bears some external resemblance to the BMP-3, particularly with regards to its turret and main armament; however, the chassis and internal subsystems possesses a different layout. The earliest prototypes received the designation ZBD-97. An improved version, ZBD-04A, is the vehicle currently in service and being produced.
The ZBD-04 has a crew of three and is able to carry seven troops. The commander and gunner are seated in the two-man turret located in the middle, and the driver with one passenger is located in tandem to the left of the power compartment, located at the front right. Six infantrymen are located in the troop compartment at the rear. There are firing ports in the left, right, and exit door that allow infantrymen to fire assault rifles or light machine guns from inside the vehicle, even on the move. The vehicle has amphibious capability, designed to swim to shore from a ship. For high-speed swimming, it has two large water jet ports.
Armament
The main armament of the ZBD-04 is a two plane stabilised, semi-automatic 100mm rifled gun, capable of firing both HE-FRAG rounds and the 3UBK10 ATGM. Effective range of the HE-FRAG round is estimated to be 4,000m, with a rate of fire of 10 rounds/minute. The 3UBK10 ATGM consists of a laser beamriding missile and a container case. As well as engaging armoured vehicles and fortifications, the missile could also engage low-flying helicopters. The missile has a maximum range of 4,000m, and can penetrate 600mm of armour. The system carries eight missiles inside the turret. The ZBD-04A also has a coaxial 30mm automatic cannon, with 500 rounds. The cannon can fire both armour-piercing and HE-FRAG rounds. Rate of fire is 300 rounds/min and range is 1,500 to 2,000m. Like the BMP-3, the ZBD-97 also has a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun located to the left of the main gun. It can also be equipped with four HJ-8 wire-guided anti-tank missiles on both sides of the turret.
Protection
The ZBD-04 is believed to be fitted with a collective NBC protection system, with its air filter located behind the turret to the right. There is a three-barrel smoke grenade launcher mounted on either side of the turret. The vehicle is fitted with an indigenous-made laser warning and countermeasures system. While ballistic protection is unknown, it is likely that the vehicle has all-round protection against 14.5 mm rounds and resistance against 20-25 mm shells over the frontal arc.
Observation and Fire-Control
The gunner has a day/night thermal scope and an emergency back-up day sight. Fire-control system includes a ballistic computer, an electo-mechanical gun stabilizer, and a laser rangefinder. The driver’s hatch mounts three periscopes, with the central periscope being able to be replaced by an image intensifying night vision periscope. On the original ZBD-04, The commander has a day sight and an image-intensifying night sight. On the ZBD-04A, commander has been upgraded to an independent thermal sight that can rotate 360 degrees.
Variants
Domestic
;ZBD-97: Designation for ZBD-04 prototype. ;ZBD-04: Standard variant. ;ZBD-04 HJ-8: Based on original ZBD-04 with four additional HJ-8 anti-tank missile mounted on the turret. ;ZBD-04A: The ZBD-04A is an improved variant that sacrifices amphibious performance for better armor protection; add-on armor can be fitted, and the frontal arc can withstand 30 mm rounds along with side skirts added. Although the vehicle is still amphibious, able to propel itself by its tracks to ford lakes and rivers, it lacks waterjets and can no longer operate in open sea. ;ZBD-04A AT : ZBD-04A's chassis works as the mobile launching platform for AFT-10 anti-tank missile. Noted the AFT-10 is a specific version of HJ-10 missile that designed for firing from vehicle launching platform such as ZBD-04A. ;ZBD-04A Command Vehicle: Modified from original ZBD-04A, featuring a crew cabin with higher ceiling. ;ZBD-04A Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle: Equipped with radars and electric-optic sights for battlefield surveillance, the chassis of the Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle is modified from standard ZBD-04A. The recon equipment is mounted on a retractable mast. ;ZBD-04A Armored Recovery Vehicle: Equipped with a crane for emergency vehicle service.
Export
;VN11: Modified export variant with 30 mm autocannon and improved explosive reactive armor. ;VN12: Export variant based on ZBD-04A.