Voiced alveolar affricate

• The voiced alveolar sibilant affricate is the most common type, as in the ds in English lads.
• The voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate, or using the alveolar diacritic from the Extended IPA, is found for example in some dialects of English and Italian
• The voiced alveolar lateral affricate is found for example in Xhosa
• The voiced alveolar retracted sibilant affricate

Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate

Features

• The stop component of this affricate is laminal alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge. For simplicity, this affricate is usually called after the sibilant fricative component.
• There are at least three specific variants of the fricative component:
• * Dentalized laminal alveolar, which means it is articulated with the tongue blade very close to the upper front teeth, with the tongue tip resting behind lower front teeth. The hissing effect in this variety of is very strong.
• * Non-retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
• * Retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue slightly behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal. Acoustically, it is close to or laminal.

  Occurrence

Dentalized laminal alveolar

Non-retracted alveolar

Variable

Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate

Features

Occurrence