Victor Hurley was the eldest son of Thomas Hurley, state schoolteacher, and his wife Mary Elizabeth, née Scholes. Educated at various primary schools determined by his father's postings, he won a scholarship to Wesley College and then to Queen's College. He completed his Leaving Certificate at Wesley in 1903 and played for the first XI and first XVIII. He entered the University of Melbourne in 1905 and earned exhibitions in pathology, medicine and obstetrics. While at University, he played VFL football for the team. He performed well in his debut against and played every game until the end of the 1911 VFL season.
Early medical career
After graduating as a doctor, Hurley was appointed resident medical officer at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and in 1911 he became a registrar. The next year he was appointed medical superintendent, and during his time in the role there was an almost total rebuilding of the hospital on its Lonsdale Street site. He was appointed an honorary surgeon to out-patients in 1914 and commenced private practice in Collins Street.
After completing his service with the AIF, Hurley completed his Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons before returning to Melbourne in 1920. He resumed work as an outpatient surgeon at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and in private practice. Hurley rapidly regained prominence in Melbourne medical circles, being appointed a lecturer and examiner in surgery at the University of Melbourne, founding secretary of the Surgical Association of Melbourne and assistant to George Syme, surgeon to the Victoria Police. After Syme's retirement in 1928, Hurley was appointed to that position and held it until 1956. In 1921 he was elected to the council of the Victorian branch of the British Medical Association, and he served on the council for the rest of his life, apart from a short interval during the Second World War. He was a long-serving member of the Charities Board of Victoria and a foundation member of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. In 1927 he was made honorary surgeon to in-patients at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and was dean of its clinical school from 1929–36.
In June 1919 at St James, Westminster, Victor Hurley married Elsie May Crowther, a fellow Australian serving as a member of the Voluntary Aid Detachment in London and they had two daughters and four sons together. They lived in various homes in South Yarra, Toorak and Kew and often holidayed at their family seaside cottage at Point Lonsdale. Hurley had a natural charm, equable, quiet cheerfulness, humanity, tolerance and easy sociability that made him approachable to colleagues and patients alike. He was president of the Naval and Military Club, a member of the Melbourne Club, and was a keen golfer at the Royal Melbourne Golf Club. Survived by his wife and children, Sir Victor Hurley died of complications of emphysema on 17 July 1958 at Royal Melbourne Hospital.