Vertex arrangement
In geometry, a vertex arrangement is a set of points in space described by their relative positions. They can be described by their use in polytopes.
For example, a square vertex arrangement is understood to mean four points in a plane, equal distance and angles from a center point.
Two polytopes share the same vertex arrangement if they share the same 0-skeleton.
A group of polytopes that shares a vertex arrangement is called an army.
Vertex arrangement
The same set of vertices can be connected by edges in different ways. For example, the pentagon and pentagram have the same vertex arrangement, while the second connects alternate vertices.pentagon | pentagram |
A vertex arrangement is often described by the convex hull polytope which contains it. For example, the regular pentagram can be said to have a pentagonal vertex arrangement.
| ABCD is a concave quadrilateral. Its vertex arrangement is the set. Its convex hull is the triangle ABC. The vertex arrangement of the convex hull is the set, which is not the same as that of the quadrilateral; so here, the convex hull is not a way to describe the vertex arrangement. |
Infinite tilings can also share common vertex arrangements.
For example, this triangular lattice of points can be connected to form either isosceles triangles or rhombic faces.
Lattice points | Triangular tiling | rhombic tiling | Zig-zag rhombic tiling | Rhombille tiling |
Edge arrangement
can also share an edge arrangement while differing in their faces.For example, the self-intersecting great dodecahedron shares its edge arrangement with the convex icosahedron:
icosahedron | great dodecahedron |
A group polytopes that share both a vertex arrangement and an edge arrangement are called a regiment.
Face arrangement
can also have the same face arrangement which means they have similar vertex, edge, and face arrangements, but may differ in their cells.For example, of the ten nonconvex regular Schläfli-Hess polychora, there are only 7 unique face arrangements.
For example, the grand stellated 120-cell and great stellated 120-cell, both with pentagrammic faces, appear visually indistinguishable without a representation of their cells:
Grand stellated 120-cell | Great stellated 120-cell |