United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 was a July 20th, 2015 resolution endorsing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on the nuclear program of Iran. It sets out an inspection process and schedule while also preparing for the removal of United Nations sanctions against Iran. The 15 nations on the Security Council unanimously endorsed the resolution, which had been negotiated by the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—plus Germany, the European Union, and Iran.
After the resolution, the Iranian Foreign Affairs minister said: ″The Iranian nation should feel fundamental changes in accordance with the UN Security Council Resolution 2231″
On March 29, 2016, the United States, the UK, France, and Germany wrote a joint letter to Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon accusing Iran of "defying" Security Council Resolution 2231 through missile tests conducted since the deal. The letter said the missiles were "inherently capable of delivering nuclear weapons". However, it stopped short of saying the tests were illegal. Resolution 2231 calls for Iran to refrain from activity related to nuclear-capable missiles, but according to diplomats the language is not legally binding and cannot be enforced with punitive measures.
On 9 June 2020 U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres stated that cruise missiles used in multiple 2019 attacks on Saudi Arabia had Iranian origin. Cruise missiles used in several attacks on oil facilities and an international airport in Saudi Arabia last year had Iranian origin, as were several items in U.S. interdiction of materiel in November 2019 and February 2020. Some items were allegedly transferred between February 2016 and April 2018 in a matter possibly "inconsistent" with Resolution 2231.
