Tuensang is one of the original three districts, along with Mokokchung district and Kohima district formed at the time the state was created. Over the decades, the district has gradually diminished in size with the carving out of Mon, Longleng, Kiphire and most recently Noklak districts from it.
Owing to extreme backwardness of this district, there was a special provision for administration of Tuensang in the Indian Constitution. According to the provision, no act passed by the Parliament pertaining to religious and social practices of Nagas, their customary law and procedure or ownership or transfer of land shall have any effect in Tuensang unless it is agreed upon by the Nagaland Legislative Assembly by a resolution. The Governor of Nagaland was given special powers on many important matters for the sake of good governance and development of the region. No act of legislature passed by the Nagaland Legislative Assembly had any effect unless it was approved by the Governor on the recommendation of the regional council. There was a special Ministry for Tuensang Affairs in Nagaland Government. The members to the Legislative Assembly were not elected directly by the people, but by a regional council. The council was formed by the Governor to look after the administration of the region. These provisions were meant to be in effect for a period of 10 years from the formation of Nagaland. These provisions were removed in 1973 after 10 years of their introduction.
According to the 2011 census Tuensang district has a population of 196,596, roughly equal to the nation of Samoa. This gives it a ranking of 590th in India. Tuensang has a sex ratio of 930 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.7%. Changs, Sangtams, Yimchunger and Khiamniungans are the main indigenous tribes of this district. Besides, Aos and Semas form a small part of the district's population. Christianity is the main religion though animistic beliefs are still practised by a small minority specially along the Myanmar border.
Languages
*Sangtam language
*Yimchungrü language
*Khiamniungan language
*Chang language
Flora and fauna
In 1984 Tuensang district became home to the Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of.