Trilled affricate
Trilled affricates, also known as post-trilled consonants, are consonants which begin as a stop and have a trill release. These consonants are reported to exist in some Northern Paman languages in Australia, as well as in some Chapacuran languages such Wari’ language and Austronesian languages such as Fijian and Malagasy.
| Sound | IPA | Languages | Sound | IPA | Languages |
| Voiceless trilled bilabial affricate | Not attested in any natural language. | Voiced trilled bilabial affricate | Kele and Avava. Only reported in an allophone of before or | ||
| Voiceless trilled alveolar affricate | Ngkoth | Voiced trilled alveolar affricate | Nias. Fijian and Avava also have this sound after . | ||
| Voiceless epiglottal affricate | Not attested in any natural language. | Voiced epiglottal affricate | Hydaburg Haida. Cognate to Southern Haida, Masset Haida. |
In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being postalveolar. In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release,, be simple stops,, or standard affricates,.
Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same place of articulation. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop, is reported from Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wari’ and Oro Win. This sound also appears as an allophone of the labialized voiceless alveolar stop of Abkhaz and Ubykh, but in those languages it is more often realised by a doubly articulated stop. In the Chapacuran languages, is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as and.
Hydaburg Haida is cognate to Southern Haida, Masset Haida.