A tautonym is a scientific name of a species in which both parts of the name have the same spelling, for example Rattus rattus. The first part of the name is the name of the genus and the second part is referred to as the specific epithet in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants and the specific name in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Tautonymy is permissible in zoological nomenclature. In past editions of the zoological Code, the term tautonym was used, but it has now been replaced by the more inclusive "tautonymous names"; these include trinomial names such as Gorilla gorilla gorilla, and Bison bison bison. For animals, a tautonym implicitly indicates that the species is the type of its genus. This can also be indicated by a species name with the specific epithet typus or typicus, although more commonly the type species is designated another way.
Botanical nomenclature
In the current rules for botanical nomenclature, tautonyms are explicitly prohibited. One example of a botanical tautonym is 'Larix larix'. The earliest name for the European larch is Pinus larix L. but Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten did not agree with the placement of the species in Pinus and decided to move it to Larix in 1880. His proposed name created a tautonym. Under rules first established in 1906, which are applied retroactively, Larix larix cannot exist as a formal name. In such a case either the next earliest validly published name must be found, in this case Larix decidua Mill., or a new epithet must be published. However, it is allowed for both parts of the name of a species to mean the same, without being identical in spelling. For instance, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi means bearberry twice, in Greek and Latin respectively; Picea omorika uses the Latin and Serbian terms for a spruce. Instances that repeat the genus name with a slight modification, such as Lycopersicon lycopersicum and Ziziphus zizyphus, have been contentious, but are in accord with the Code of Nomenclature.
