Tarlton was originally called Newellstown, and under the latter name was laid out in 1801. The Cross Mound is nearby, which was built by the pre-ColumbianMound Builders.
As of the census of 2010, there were 282 people, 100 households, and 77 families living in the village. The population density was. There were 115 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the village was 98.9% White, 0.7% African American, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population. There were 100 households of which 41.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couplesliving together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 23.0% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.23. The median age in the village was 39.2 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 10.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 298 people, 102 households, and 75 families living in the village. The population density was 710.2 people per square mile. There were 120 housing units at an average density of 286.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White. There were 102 households out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.39. In the village, the population was spread out with 31.2% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males. The median income for a household in the village was $31,875, and the median income for a family was $43,125. Males had a median income of $30,938 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,379. About 9.0% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 22.5% of those sixty five or over.
