The name Sundarijal was derived from the term that "Sundari" means beautiful and "Jal" means water. The river Bagmati originates from this region and it has been the major source of water supply for Kathmandu valley since the Rana Dynasty. There is also a Hindu goddess, :ne:सुन्दरीमाई मन्दिर|Sundarimai a temple dedicated to this name. Sundarijal Hydropower Station, located at Sundarijal, 15 km northeast of Kathmandu with installed capacity of 640 kW and annual design generation of 4.77 GWh was commissioned in 1934 AD in a grant from British government. It was Nepal's second oldest Hydropower Electricity Project then. In 1960, leaders from the Nepali Congress party B.P. Koirala, Ganesh Man Singh, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Diwan Singh Rai, Ram Narayan Mishra, Yogendra Man Sherchan, and Jaman Singh Gurung were taken to Sundarijal Military Detention Camp. They were held there without trial for eight years due to their participation in a 1960 coup.
Geography and climate
Geographical situation
Sundarijal is located northeast of Nepal's capital, Kathmandu. It is located in west side of Gagalphedi, east of Nayapati and Baluwa, and north of Aalapot. Northern portion of Sundarijal is the forest that belongs to Shivapuri National Park. Further to the end of Shivapuri National Parkthe Village touches Nuwakot and Sindhulpalchok Districts. Sundarijal covers an area of. The Bagmati River flows through the village, where tributary rivers Shyalmati and Nagmati confluence with Bagmati River. :ne:सुन्दरीमाई मन्दिर|Sundarimai temple is located in the confluence of Nagmati and Bagmati. Similarly, there is Lord Shiva temple in confluence of Shyalmati and Bagmati.
Climate
The climate of Sundarijal is temperate. The average temperature in summer is 25.5˚C and 0˚C in winter.
Demographics
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census Sundarijal had a population of 2,552 living in 547 individual households. For the 2001 census Sundarijal had a population of 2,586 in 444 individual households. Sixty percent of the townsfolk are Buddhist and 40% are Hindu. Below are the populations and households of Sundarijal's nine wards:
Ward
Households
Male
Female
Total
1
30
86
88
174
2
104
278
295
573
3
51
117
118
235
4
54
113
136
249
5
37
149
105
254
6
32
89
86
175
7
35
95
105
200
8
35
175
132
307
9
66
209
210
419
444
1311
1275
2586
Economy
Agriculture
Agriculture in the VDC is only present in the eighth ward. There farmers only use traditional techniques without modern technology. In the northern part of the ward, the predominant crops are millet and maize, though barley and some vegetables are also cultivated. In the southern area, wheat, barley, maize, potato, vegetables and millet are grown.
Tourism
Tourism is a large industry in Sundarijal, and it is a destination for canyoning. Tourists come to the VDC every weekend, attracted to the area's natural environment, waterfalls, and rivers. Many come from the Kathmandu Valley because of its closeness; it is only about an hour's drive away. Pollution in the Sundarijal reservoir has increased due to the number of tourists. In addition, the VDC is a starting point for hikers along the Langtang Range. Various trekking routes also lie in Sundarijal, among them the Sundarijal-to-Chisapani trek, almost 22 km long.
Culture
The main religious sites in Sundarijal are the temples of Sundarimai Mandir, Ganesh Mandir, and Krishna Mandir. In July, the Dashahara festival is celebrated at confluence of Shyalmati and Bagmati. Majority of residents here are from Tamang, Newar and Chettri community. The major caste here are Tamang, Shrestha, Manandhar, Simkhada, Ghimire, Khadka, Tiwari, etc. Newar community celebrates jatra annually on Yomari Purnima. On Krishna Janmashtami also people here conducts jatra a celebration.
Infrastructure
A 640 kW hydropower plant near the bus park provides electricity to Sundarijal. A mail post and police station are also located here. BP Museum is also located in Sundarijal. The museum is one of the historical places in Nepal in present state, but it took long time for this to be established as a Museum. It has its own historical transformation. Before, it was an Army General Quarter and then, it was changed into Rajbandigriha where prisoners were kept, after that again it changed into Gaida Gasti which again got changed into Sundarijal Military Camp and finally, after the detention of leaders like B.P it came into the light and was established as B.P Museum. There is a US$464 million drinking-water project in Sundarijal that will bring water from Melamchi, treat, and distribute it. A pipeline, in length will be laid from Sundarijal to the town in the Kathmandu Valley. It will start pumping 170 million liters of water daily in 2020. The National Scout Training Center is also located here inside the Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park. The center carries the history of more than 100 years since the regime of Rana Prime Ministers Juddha Sumser, Dev Sumser and Bir Sumser hence modern facilities and amenities have not been introduced however the National Training Centre offers visitors comfortable camping space for around 100 people at a time. Nepal Army’s arsenal is also located in Sundarijal.
Education
About 90% of townsfolk can read or write, though less than that number are fully literate. Those under the age of 25 years are more likely to be literate than those over 40. Literacy classes for older adults were taught in the past though, due to low attendance, they are no longer. There are four schools in Sundarijal, whose attendance is shown below:
#
Male
Female
Total
1
214
200
414
2
57
44
101
3
90
67
157
4
70
57
127
431
368
799
Biodiversity
Sundarijal's vegetation consists of mostly pine, oak, rhododendron, and other forest types. Wildlife recorded in the area include the Himalayan black bear, leopard, jungle cat, and rhesus monkey. The area around Sundarijal is the habitat of 177 species of birds, which includes at least nine threatened species, 102 species of butterflies with several endangered species, and 129 species of mushrooms.
