Stepan Dmitrievich Erzia was a Mordvin sculptor who lived in Russia and Argentina. Erzia chose his pseudonym after the native ethnic group, the Erzya Mordvins. He was born October 27, 1876 in the villageBayevo, Alatyrsky Uyezd, Simbirsk Governorate of Russian Empire. In 1892 his family moved to Alatyr; Stepan became an apprentice of various icon-painting studios. In 1893–1897 he lived in Kazan, previously at the joiner's shop, later he worked at P. A. Kovalinski's icon-painting studio in Kazan. That time Erzia decorated churches in the various cities and villages of the Volga area and attended Kazan Art School. In 1902–1906 he studied at Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, participating in the exhibitions of the School's students. In 1906-1914 he lived in Italy and France. He took part in the exhibitions in Venice and Milan in 1909, in Paris in 1912. In 1914 he returned to Russia and in 1918 he moved to Yekaterinburg where he created his monumental works of art. In 1921 he moved to Novorossiysk, then to Batumi. Living there, he created portraits of Lenin, Marx and Engels, many cultural workers of Georgia. In 1923 he lived in Baku, where he created in monumental genre. In 1926 the Soviet government took a decision to send Stepan Erzia abroad "to spread the knowledge of the Soviet art". He came to Paris again. Again his one-man shows were sponsored followed by positive response in the Western press. In 1927–1950 he worked in Buenos Aires, creating portraits there of Lenin, Moses, Tolstoy, and Beethoven. There Erzia, a representative of a minor and browbeaten nation, developed a project of transforming entire mountains in the Andes into monuments to the heroes of the war for independence. The local authorities approved his plan, but failed to finance its implementation. While in Argentina, Erzia invented a method of processing some locally grown, extra-hard types of wood: algarrobo and quebracho. In 1950 he returned to the Soviet Union. In 1956 he was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. Stepan Erzia died in 1959 in Moscow and was buried in Saransk, the capital of Mordovia. On 26 June 1958 Mordovian Erzia Museum of Visual Arts was opened in the Mordovian capital Saransk. The museum has the most complete collection of Erzia works.
Major works
Horror, Despair, Courage, A Chilean Lady, A Parisian Lady in a Hat, Head of a Mordvin Woman, Lev Tolstoy, Beethoven, :Image:Erzya Moses.jpg|Moses and Christ.
