Steel-toe boot
A steel-toe boot is a durable boot or shoe that has a protective reinforcement in the toe which protects the foot from falling objects or compression.
Although traditionally made of steel, the reinforcement can also be made of a composite material, a plastic such as thermoplastic polyurethane or even aluminum. Steel-toe boots are important in construction and manufacturing, as well as a variety of other industries. Occupational safety and health legislation or insurance requirements may require the use of such boots in some settings, and may mandate certification of such boots and the display of such certification directly on the boots. The markings on the boot label will indicate the national or international standards that the boot was intended to meet, and identify the level of protection offered for impact, compression, penetration, and electric shock. Safety shoes are effective in keeping the feet of industrial workers safe from sharp and heavy objects while working in factories. Footwear for use in chemical processing or semiconductor manufacturing may also be rated to dissipate static electricity.
Safety footwear now comes in many styles, including sneakers, clogs, and dress shoes. Some are quite formal, for supervising engineers who must visit sites where protective footwear is mandatory.
Some brands of steel-toe footwear have become fashionable within subcultures such as skinhead, punk, and rivethead. While brands that were previously renowned within the fashion industry have also diversified into the safety footwear market, industrial brands like Caterpillar, Rock Fall and JCB have also issued licenses to produce safety footwear.
Safety criteria
United States
In the United States, the most common standards used by employers for protective footwear are ASTM International standards F2412-18a and ASTM F2413-18.OSHA previously required compliance of ANSI Z41.1-1991, "American National Standard for Personal Protection-Protective Footwear," if purchased after July 5, 1994, or ANSI standard "USA Standard for Men's Safety-Toe Footwear," Z41.1-1967, if purchased before that date.
As of March 1, 2005, ANSI Z41 has been replaced by ASTM F2412 and ASTM F2413
ASTM certified footwear must include a label that indicates which safety standards that particular footwear meets. The various safety standards include:
- I - Impact
- C - Compression
- Mt - Metatarsal
- Cd - Conductive
- EH - Electrical Hazard
- SD - Static Dissipating
- PR - Puncture Resistant
Canada
CSA standards on shoe labels feature distinct shapes and colors, represents specific safety criteria for all safety footwear and apparel:
- Green triangle with CSA symbol - Sole puncture protection with a Grade 1 protective toe.
- Yellow triangle with registered symbol - Sole puncture protection with a Grade 2 protective toe.
- White rectangle with orange Greek letter omega and CSA symbol - Soles that provide electric shock resistance, with Ω being the symbol for ohms of electrical resistance.
- Yellow rectangle with green letters "SD", a grounding symbol and CSA symbol - Capable of dissipating an electrostatic charge in a controlled manner.
- Red rectangle with a black letter C, grounding symbol and CSA symbol - Soles that are electrically conductive.
- White label with green fir tree symbol and CSA symbol - Provides protection when using chainsaws.
- Blue Square with CSA symbol - Grade 1 protective toe only.
- 1, 2 or 0;
- P or 0;
- M or 0;
- E, S or C;
- X or 0.
- The first code indicates whether the shoe has a steel-toe cap. "0" means there is none. "1" means that there is, and it resists an impact of 125 joules. "2" means that it resists an impact of 90 joules.
- The second code indicates whether the shoe has soles that protect the arches of the feet from punctures. "P" means it does. "O" means it doesn't.
- The third code indicates whether the shoe has a metatarsus protection against shocks and collisions. "M" means it does. "O" doesn't.
- The fourth code indicates the shoe's electrical properties. "E" means it resists electrical shocks. "S" means it disperses static electrical. "C" means it conducts electricity.
- This last code is found only on shoes that protect the foot from chainsaws, i.e. chainsaw boots. "X" it does, "O" does not.
Europe
The codes applicable to European safety footwear are:
Protected Area | Type of Protection | Code |
Steel Toe | Basic Impact 200 joules including compression 15,000 newtons | SB |
Steel Toe | 200 joule toecap protection. Closed seat region. Antistatic properties. Energy absorption of seat region. Fuel resistance. | S1 |
Steel Toe | 200 joule toecap protection. Closed seat region. Antistatic properties. Energy absorption of seat region. Fuel resistance. Water penetration and water absorption resistance. | S2 |
Steel Toe | 200 joule toecap protection. Closed seat region. Antistatic properties. Energy absorption of seat region. Fuel resistance. Water penetration and water absorption resistance. Sole penetration resistance. Cleated outsole. | S3 |
Additional protections | Heat-Resistant Outsole: shoe sole resistance to hot contact up to 300 °C for 1 minute | HRO |
Additional protections | Penetration resistance offered by a steel midsole: 1100 newtons | P |
Additional protections | Heel energy absorption: 20 joules | E |
Additional protections | Water penetration-resistant uppers | WRU |
Additional protections | Hole shoe waterproof | WR |
Additional protections | Metatarsal protection | M |
Additional protections | Ankle protection | AN |
Electrical resistance | Conductive: Maximum resistance 100 kΩ | O |
Electrical resistance | Antistatic: Range of 100 kΩ to 1000 MΩ | A |
Hostile environments | Cold Insulated: shoe insulated against cold to -17 °C for 30 minutes | CI |
Hostile environments | Heat Insulated: shoe insulated against heat up to 150 °C for 30 minutes | HI |
Hostile environments | Skid resistance on ceramic tile floors with sodium lauryl sulfate solution cleaning agent | SRA |
Hostile environments | Skid resistance on steel floors with glycerine | SRB |
Hostile environments | Skid resistance on ceramic tile floors with cleaning agent and steel floors with glycerine | SRC |
Hostile environments | Fuel resistance | FO |
Hostile environments | Cut resistance | CR |
Hostile environments | - | - |
There is also EN ISO 20346:2004 for protective footwear & EN ISO 20347:2004 for Occupational Footwear
Asia
Safety shoe standards in Asia are :- China : GB 21148 & An1, An2, An3, An4, An5
- Indonesia : SNI 0111:2009
- Japan : JIS T8101
- Malaysia : SIRIM MA 1598:1998
- Singapore : SS 513-1:2005
- India : IS 15298-I: 2011 test methods, IS 15298–II for safety footwear, IS 15298-III Protective footwear, IS 15298-IV Occupational Footwear
- Thailand : TIS 523-2011
Australia / New Zealand
- Australia : AS/NZS 2210.3:2009
Use as a weapon