St John Passion structure

The structure of the St John Passion, BWV 245, a sacred oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach, is "carefully designed with a great deal of musico-theological intent". Some main aspects of the structure are shown in tables below.
The original Latin title Passio secundum Joannem translates to "Passion according to John".
Bach's large choral composition in two parts on German text, written to be performed in a Lutheran service on Good Friday, is based on the Passion, as told in two chapters from the Gospel of John in the translation by Martin Luther, with two short interpolations from the Gospel of Matthew. During the vespers service, the two parts of the work were performed before and after the sermon. Part I covers the events until Peter's denial of Jesus, Part II concludes with the burial of Jesus. The Bible text is reflected in contemporary poetry and in chorales that often end a "scene" of the narration, similar to the way a chorale ends most Bach cantatas. An anonymous poet supplied a few texts himself, quoted from other Passion texts and inserted various stanzas of chorales by nine hymn writers. Bach led the first performance on 7 April 1724 in Leipzig's St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig. He repeated it several times between 1724 and 1749, experimenting with different movements and changing others, which resulted in four versions. The Passion, close to Bach's heart, has an "immediate dramatic quality".

Structure

Text

Gospel

The gospel account by John narrates the story in five "scenes". The corresponding movement numbers are given from the Neue Bach-Ausgabe.
Part I

Arrest, Kidron Valley
Denial, palace of the high priest Kaiphas

Part II

Some musicologists regard movement [|24] as the conclusion of scene [|3], the aria "Eilt, ihr angefocht'nen Seelen" which locates the action from the courthouse to Golgotha, the calvary. Others, including Alfred Dürr, regard the scene as ending with the last comment by Pilate.
Bach incorporated two short interpolations from the Gospel of Matthew, after John 18:27, describing the weeping of Peter, and after John 19:30, describing the tearing of the temple curtain. The narrator is the Evangelist, a tenor. Jesus and all other male characters are sung by a bass or tenor ; female characters are sung by a soprano, while the people who are often summarily called die Jüden, the servants of the High Priest, and the soldiers are sung by a four-part chorus in dramatic turba movements. The "immediate, dramatic quality" of the "kind of musical equivalent of the Passion Play" relies on the setting of the interaction between the historical persons and the crowd.

Chorales

At eleven moments in the Passion, stanzas from Lutheran chorales reflect the narration. Possibly Bach had an influence on their selection. He set them all in common time for four parts, the instruments playing colla parte with the voices.
Five chorales conclude a scene ; while a chorale opens Part II. Five chorales comment within a scene, including the central movement. One chorale accompanies the bass soloist in an aria.
Most chorale texts were written in the 16th and 17th century, by authors of the Reformation such as Martin Luther, Martin Schalling and Michael Weiße, and by hymn writers including Paul Gerhardt and Johann Heermann. The central chorale is not part of a common hymn, its text being taken from a libretto by Christian Heinrich Postel.

Contemporary text

The third source for the text is contemporary poetry that reflects the biblical narration. It was compiled by an unknown author, who partly used existing text: from the Brockes Passion by Barthold Heinrich Brockes, he copied the text for movements [|7], [|19], [|20], 24, [|32], [|34], [|35] and [|39]; he found movement 13 in Christian Weise's Der Grünen Jugend Nothwendige Gedanken and took from Postel's Johannes-Passion movements 19, [|22] and [|30].

Scoring

The work is scored for vocal soloists, a four-part choir SATB, and an orchestra of two flauto traverso , two oboes, two oboes da caccia, two oboes d'amore, two violins, viola, and basso continuo. Bach added some instruments which were already old-fashioned at the time in arias for special effects, such as the archlute, the viola d'amore and the viola da gamba. Bach did not differentiate the vox Christi, singing the words of Jesus, from the other bass recitatives and arias, nor the evangelist from the tenor arias.

Symmetry

The work displays a thoughtful symmetry. In the center of the five parts is the court hearing which confronts Jesus, Pilate, and the people. In the middle of the hearing, a chorale interrupts the argument, which is a discussion about freedom and captivity. It is surrounded by two choral movements, which not only both ask for the crucifixion of Jesus, but also use the same musical motifs, the second time intensified. Again, in a repetition of similar musical material, a preceding turba choir explains the law, while a corresponding movement reminds Pilate of the Emperor whose authority is challenged by someone calling himself a king. Preceding this, Jesus is greeted in mockery as a king, corresponding in motif to the later request that Pilate should change the inscription saying he is "the King of the Jews" to "He said: I am the King of the Jews".

Versions

Bach led the first performance on 7 April 1724 at the Nikolaikirche as part of a Vesper service for Good Friday. Part I was performed before the sermon, Part II after the sermon. Bach performed a second version on Good Friday a year later, 30 March 1725. Other versions were performed between 1728 and 1732, and in 1749. A final, fifth version, revised between 1739 and 1749, was never performed in Bach's lifetime.
In version 2, Bach opened with a chorale fantasia on "O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß", the first stanza of a 1525 hymn by Sebald Heyden, a movement which he ultimately used to conclude Part I of his St Matthew Passion, returning to the previous chorus Herr, unser Herrscher in later versions of the St John Passion. He used three alternative arias, one of them with a chorale sung by the choir, and replaced the two closing movements, the chorus Ruht wohl and the chorale Ach Herr, laß dein lieb Engelein with the chorale fantasia on "Christe, du Lamm Gottes", the German Agnus Dei, published in Braunschweig in 1528. Bach took this movement from his cantata Du wahrer Gott und Davids Sohn, BWV 23, which had been an audition piece for his post in Leipzig. Before, it had been part of his Weimarer Passion of 1717.
In version 3, after Bach wrote his St Matthew Passion, he returned the opening chorus Herr, unser Herrscher and the final chorus Ruht wohl to their initial position, but removed the Gospel passages from Matthew and the closing chorale.
In version [|5], possibly dating from as early 1739, Bach returned to the first version, but revised it thoroughly. He began a new score which covers 12 movements. As Christoph Wolff observes: "The fragmentary revised score constitutes an extensive stylistic overhaul with painstaking improvements to the part-writing and a partial restructuring of the instrumentation; particular attention was paid to the word-setting in the recitatives and the continuo accompaniment." In 1749, Bach performed the St John Passion once more, in an expanded and altered form from the 1724 version, in what would be his last performance of a Passion.
Wolff writes: "Bach experimented with the St John Passion as he did with no other large-scale composition", possible by the work's structure with the Gospel text as its backbone and interspersed features that could be exchanged. Wolff concludes: "the work accompanied Bach right from his first year as Kantor of St Thomas's to the penultimate year of his life and thus, for that reason alone, how close it must have been to his heart.

Overview

In the following, the movement numbers are those of the NBA, version I, unless otherwise noted.

The chorales in detail

The first chorale, movement 3, is inserted after Jesus tells the crowd to arrest him, but let his disciples go. "O große Lieb, o Lieb ohn alle Maße" is stanza 7 of Johann Heermann's 1630 hymn ", 1528
The second chorale, movement 5, ends the first scene, after Jesus remarks that he has to be obedient. "Dein Will gescheh, Herr Gott, zugleich" is stanza 4 of Luther's 1539 hymn "Vater unser im Himmelreich, a paraphrase of the Lord's Prayer.
The third chorale, movement [|11], is inserted after Jesus asks those who are beating him for justification. Two stanzas from Paul Gerhardt's 1647 hymn "O Welt, sieh hier dein Leben" comment the scene, stanza 3, "Wer hat dich so geschlagen", and stanza 4, "Ich, ich und meine Sünden", highlighting the personal responsibility of the speaking sinner for the suffering of Jesus.
The fourth chorale, movement [|14], ends the second scene and Part I. After Peter's denial, "Petrus, der nicht denkt zurück" summarizes the scene with stanza 10 of Paul Stockmann's 1633 hymn "Jesu Leiden, Pein und Tod".
The fifth chorale, movement [|15], opens Part II and the third scene. "Christus, der uns selig macht", stanza [|1] of Michael Weiße's 1531 hymn, summarizes what Jesus has to endure, even though he is innocent.
The sixth chorale, movement [|17], comments in two more stanzas from "Herzliebster Jesu", after Jesus addresses the different people of his kingdom. Stanza 8, "Ach großer König, groß zu allen Zeiten" reflects the need for thanksgiving and stanza 9 the inability to grasp it, "Ich kanns mit meinen Sinnen nicht erreichen".
The seventh chorale, movement 22, is the central movement of the whole Passion, which interrupts the conversation of Pilate and the crowd by a general statement of the importance of the passion for salvation: "Durch dein Gefängnis, Gottes Sohn, ist uns die Freiheit kommen" is not part of a known hymn, but the text of an aria from a St John Passion by Postel from around 1700.
The seventh chorale, movement [|26], ends the scene of the court hearing, after Pilate refuses to change the inscription. "In meines Herzens Grunde" is stanza 3 of Valerius Herberger's 1613 hymn "Valet will ich dir geben".
The eighth chorale, movement [|28], is related to Jesus telling his mother and John to take care of each other. "Er nahm alles wohl in acht" is stanza 20 of Stockmann's hymn.
The ninth chorale, movement 32, is part of the bass aria which follows immediately after the report of the death of Jesus. "Jesu, der du warest tot, lebest nun ohn' Ende" is the final stanza of Stockmann's hymn.
The tenth chorale, movement [|37], ends the scene of the crucifixion. "O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn" is stanza 8 of Weiße's hymn.
The eleventh chorale, movement [|40], ends the Passion. "Ach Herr, laß dein lieb Engelein" is stanza 3 of Martin Schalling's 1569 hymn "Herzlich lieb hab ich dich, o Herr".

Tables of movements

The following tables give an overview of all versions of the Passion, first performed in 1724. Two variants of movement numbering are given, first that of the Neue Bach-Ausgabe, then that of the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis. Voices appear in one of three columns, depending on the text source: Bible, contemporary poetic reflection, or chorale. The instrumentation is added, using abbreviations for instruments, followed by key and time signature, and the NBA number of a corresponding movement within the work's symmetry.

Version I

There are no extant Flute parts for this version, so the movements that normally require them have violins instead. This was performed in 1724. The Bach Compendium lists it as BC D 2a

Part I

NBA		BWV	Bible	Reflection	Chorale		Source	Instruments	Key	Time	Symmetry
1		1		Chorus		Herr, unser Herrscher	anonymous	2Ob			39
2	a	2				Jesus ging mit seinen Jüngern		Bc			-
2	b	3	Chorus			Jesum von Nazareth		2Ob			-
2	c	4	Ev, Jesus			Jesus spricht zu ihnen		Bc			-
2	d	5	Chorus			Jesum von Nazareth		2Ob			-
2	e	6	Ev, Jesus			Jesus antwortete		Bc			-
3		7			Chorus	O große Lieb		2Ob	G minor		-
4		8	Ev, Jesus			Auf daß das Wort erfüllet würde		Bc			-
5		9			Chorus	Dein Will gescheh	Martin Luther	2Ob	D minor		-
6		10	Ev			Die Schar aber und der Oberhauptmann		Bc			-
7		11		Aria Alto		Von den Stricken meiner Sünden	Brockes	2Ob Bc	D minor	3/4	-
8		12	Ev			Simon Petrus aber folgete Jesu nach		Bc			-
9		13		Aria Soprano		Ich folge dir gleichfalls	anonymous	2Vn Bc		3/8	-
10		14	Ev, Magd, Petrus, Jesus, Knecht			Derselbige Jünger war dem Hohenpriester bekannt		Bc			-
11		15			Chorus	Wer hat dich so geschlagen	Paul Gerhardt	2Ob	A major		-
12	a	16	Ev			Und Hannas sandte ihn gebunden		Bc			-
12	b	17	Chorus			Bist du nicht seiner Jünger einer		2Ob			-
12	c	18	Ev, Petrus, Knecht			Er leugnete aber und sprach		Bc			-
13		19		Aria Tenor		Ach, mein Sinn	Christian Weise				-
14		20			Chorus	Petrus, der nicht denkt zurück		2Ft 2Ob	A major		15

Part II

NBA		BWV	Bible	Reflection	Chorale		Source	Instruments	Key	Time	Symmetry
15		21			Chorus	Christus, der uns selig macht	Michael Weiße	2Ob	E Phrygian mode		14
16	a	22	Ev, Pilate			Da führeten sie Jesum		Bc			-
16	b	23	Chorus			Wäre dieser nicht ein Übeltäter		2Ob			-
16	c	24	Ev, Pilate			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-
16	d	25	Chorus			Wir dürfen niemand töten		2Ob			-
16	e	26				Auf daß erfüllet würde das Wort		Bc			-
17		27			Chorus	Ach großer König	Johann Heermann	2Ob	A minor		-
18	a	28	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihm	;	Bc			-
18	b	29	Chorus			Nicht diesen, sondern Barrabam	;	2Ob			-
18	c	30	Ev			Barrabas aber war ein Mörder	;	Bc			-
19		31		Arioso Bass		Betrachte, meine Seel'	Brockes	2 violas d'amore Archlute Bc			-
20		32		Aria Tenor		Erwäge, wie sein blutgefärbter Rücken	Brockes	2 violas d'amore Bc		12/8	-
21	a	33	Ev			Und die Kriegsknechte flochten eine Krone		Bc			-
21	b	34	Chorus			Sei gegrüßet, lieber Jüdenkönig		2Ob		6/4	25 b
21	c	35	Ev, Pilate			Und gaben ihm Backenstreiche		Bc			-
21	d	36	Chorus			Kreuzige, kreuzige		2Ob			23 d
21	e	37	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus sprach zu ihnen		Bc			-
21	f	38	Chorus			Wir haben ein Gesetz		2Ob			23 b
21	g	39	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			23 a
22		40			Chorus	Durch dein Gefängnis, Gottes Sohn		2Ob	E major		center
23	a	41	Ev			Die Jüden aber schrieen und sprachen		Bc			21 g
23	b	42	Chorus			Lässest du diesen los		1Ob 1 Oboe d'amore			21 f
23	c	43	Ev, Pilate			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			-
23	d	44	Chorus			Weg, weg mit dem		1Ob 1Oa			21 d
23	e	45	Ev, Pilate			Spricht Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-
23	f	46	Chorus			Wir haben keinen König		1Ob 1Oa			-
23	g	47	Ev			Da überantwortete er ihn		Bc			-
24		48		Aria Bass	Soprano Alto Tenor	Eilt, ihr angefochtnen Seelen	Brockes		G minor	3/8	-
25	a	49	Ev			Allda kreuzigten sie ihn		Bc			-
25	b	50	Chorus			Schreibe nicht: der Jüden König		2Ob		6/4	21 b
25	c	51	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus antwortet		Bc			-
26		52			Chorus	In meines Herzens Grunde		2Ob	E-flat major		-
27	a	53	Ev			Die Kriegsknechte aber		Bc			-
27	b	54	Chorus			Lasset uns den nicht zerteilen		1Ob 1Oba		3/4	-
27	c	55	Ev, Jesus			Auf daß erfüllet würde die Schrift		Bc			Adagio for "Sie haben meine Kleider"
28		56			Chorus	Er nahm alles wohl in acht	Paul Stockmann	2Ob	A major		-
29		57	Ev, Jesus			Und von Stund an nahm sie der Jünger		Bc			-
30		58		Aria Alto		Es ist vollbracht		Vg	B minor D major	3/4	Vg in middle section doubles Continuo.
31		59	Ev			Und neiget das Haupt		Bc			-
32		60		Aria Bass	Chorus	Mein teurer Heiland, laß dich fragen	Brockes Paul Stockmann	Bc	D major	12/8	-
33		61	Ev			Und der Vorhang im Tempel zerriß		Bc			Only 3 measures long
34		62		Arioso Tenor		Mein Herz, in dem die ganze Welt	Brockes	2Vn 2Oa			-
35		63		Aria Soprano		Zerfließe, mein Herze	Brockes	Oc Vn Bc	F Dorian mode	3/8	-
36		64	Ev			Die Jüden aber, dieweil es der Rüsttag war		Bc			-
37		65			Chorus	O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn	Michael Weiße	2Ob			-
38		66	Ev			Darnach bat Pilatum Joseph von Arimathia		Bc			23 measures
39		67		Chorus		Ruht wohl, ihr heiligen Gebeine	Brockes	2Ob	C Dorian mode	3/4	-
40		68			Chorus	Ach Herr, laß dein lieb Engelein	Martin Schalling	2Ob	E-flat major		-

Version II

For this version, in addition to the Flute parts, Bach heavily revised both text and music. He added five movements from his Weimarer Passion, with three texts now thought to be by Christoph Birkmann. This is listed as BC 2b.

Part I

NBA		BWV	Bible	Reflection	Chorale		Source	Instruments	Key	Time	Symmetry
1^II		244/35			Chorus	O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde groß	Sebald Heyden	2Ft 2Ob
2	a	2				Jesus ging mit seinen Jüngern		Bc			-
2	b	3	Chorus			Jesum von Nazareth		2Ft 2Ob			-
2	c	4	Ev, Jesus			Jesus spricht zu ihnen		Bc			-
2	d	5	Chorus			Jesum von Nazareth		2Ob			-
2	e	6	Ev, Jesus			Jesus antwortete		Bc			-
3		7			Chorus	O große Lieb		2Ft 2Ob	G minor		-
4		8	Ev, Jesus			Auf daß das Wort erfüllet würde		Bc			-
5		9			Chorus	Dein Will gescheh	Martin Luther	2Ft 2Ob	D minor		-
6		10	Ev			Die Schar aber und der Oberhauptmann		Bc			-
7		11		Alto		Von den Stricken meiner Sünden	Brockes	2Ob Bc	D minor	3/4	-
8		12	Ev			Simon Petrus aber folgete Jesu nach		Bc			-
9		13		Soprano		Ich folge dir gleichfalls	anonymous	2Ft Bc		3/8	-
10		14	Ev, Magd, Petrus, Jesus, Knecht			Derselbige Jünger war dem Hohenpriester bekannt		Bc			-
11		15			Chorus	Wer hat dich so geschlagen	Paul Gerhardt	2Ft 2Ob	A major		-
11⁺		245a		Aria Bass	Soprano	Himmel, reiße, Welt, erbebe	Christoph Birkmann Paul Stockmann	2Ft Bc			-
12	a	16	Ev			Und Hannas sandte ihn gebunden		Bc			-
12	b	17	Chorus			Bist du nicht seiner Jünger einer		2Ft 2Ob			-
12	c	18	Ev, Petrus, Knecht			Er leugnete aber und sprach		Bc			-
13^II		245b		Aria Tenor		Zerschmettert mich, ihr Felsen und ihr Hügel	Christoph Birkmann				-
14		20			Chorus	Petrus, der nicht denkt zurück		2Ft 2Ob	A major		15

Part II

NBA		BWV	Bible	Reflection	Chorale		Source	Instruments	Key	Time	Symmetry
15		21			Chorus	Christus, der uns selig macht	Michael Weiße	2Ob	E Phrygian mode		14
16	a	22	Ev, Pilate			Da führeten sie Jesum		Bc			-
16	b	23	Chorus			Wäre dieser nicht ein Übeltäter		2Ft 2Ob			-
16	c	24	Ev, Pilate			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-
16	d	25	Chorus			Wir dürfen niemand töten		2Ft 2Ob			-
16	e	26				Auf daß erfüllet würde das Wort		Bc			-
17		27			Chorus	Ach großer König	Johann Heermann	2Ft 2Ob	A minor		-
18	a	28	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihm	;	Bc			-
18	b	29	Chorus			Nicht diesen, sondern Barrabam	;	2Ft 2Ob			-
18	c	30	Ev			Barrabas aber war ein Mörder	;	Bc			-
19^II		245c		Aria Tenor		Ach windet euch nicht so, geplagte Seelen	Christoph Birkmann	2Ob Bc			-
20				Discarded							-
21	a	33	Ev			Und die Kriegsknechte flochten eine Krone		Bc			-
21	b	34	Chorus			Sei gegrüßet, lieber Jüdenkönig		2Ft 2Ob		6/4	25 b
21	c	35	Ev, Pilate			Und gaben ihm Backenstreiche		Bc			-
21	d	36	Chorus			Kreuzige, kreuzige		2Ft 2Ob			23 d
21	e	37	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus sprach zu ihnen		Bc			-
21	f	38	Chorus			Wir haben ein Gesetz		2Ft 2Ob			23 b
21	g	39	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			23 a
22		40			Chorus	Durch dein Gefängnis, Gottes Sohn		2Ft 2Ob	E major		center
23	a	41	Ev			Die Jüden aber schrieen und sprachen		Bc			21 g
23	b	42	Chorus			Lässest du diesen los		2Ft 1Ob 1 Oboe d'amore			21 f
23	c	43	Ev, Pilate			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			-
23	d	44	Chorus			Weg, weg mit dem		2Ft 1Ob 1Oa			21 d
23	e	45	Ev, Pilate			Spricht Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-
23	f	46	Chorus			Wir haben keinen König		2Ft 1Ob 1Oa			-
23	g	47	Ev			Da überantwortete er ihn		Bc			-
24		48		Aria Bass	Soprano Alto Tenor	Eilt, ihr angefochtnen Seelen	Brockes		G minor	3/8	-
25	a	49	Ev			Allda kreuzigten sie ihn		Bc			-
25	b	50	Chorus			Schreibe nicht: der Jüden König		2Ft 2Ob		6/4	21 b
25	c	51	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus antwortet		Bc			-
26		52			Chorus	In meines Herzens Grunde		2Ft 2Ob	E-flat major		-
27	a	53	Ev			Die Kriegsknechte aber		Bc			-
27	b	54	Chorus			Lasset uns den nicht zerteilen		2Ft 1Ob 1Oba		3/4	-
27	c	55	Ev, Jesus			Auf daß erfüllet würde die Schrift		Bc			Adagio for "Sie haben meine Kleider"
28		56			Chorus	Er nahm alles wohl in acht	Paul Stockmann	2Ft 2Ob	A major		-
29		57	Ev, Jesus			Und von Stund an nahm sie der Jünger		Bc			-
30		58		Aria Alto		Es ist vollbracht		Vg	B minor D major	3/4	-
31		59	Ev			Und neiget das Haupt		Bc			-
32		60		Aria Bass	Chorus	Mein teurer Heiland, laß dich fragen	Brockes Paul Stockmann		D major	12/8	-
33		61	Ev			Und siehe da, der Vorhang im Tempel zerriß		Bc			Now 7 measures long
34		62		Arioso Tenor		Mein Herz, in dem die ganze Welt	Brockes	2Ft 2Oc			-
35		63		Aria Soprano		Zerfließe, mein Herze	Brockes	Ft Oc Bc	F Dorian mode	3/8	-
36		64	Ev			Die Jüden aber, dieweil es der Rüsttag war		Bc			-
37		65			Chorus	O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn	Michael Weiße	2Ft 2Ob			-
38		66	Ev			Darnach bat Pilatum Joseph von Arimathia		Bc			-
39		67		Chorus		Ruht wohl, ihr heiligen Gebeine	Brockes	2Ft 2Ob		3/4	-
40^II		23/4			Chorus	Christe, du Lamm Gottes	Martin Luther	2Ft 2Ob			Adagio Andante

Version III

In this version, Bach reverted to the original layout. However, he decided to compose a true St. John Passion, and thus eliminated the material inserted from the Gospel of Matthew. Now 12c ends in Measure 31 and Movement 33 is eliminated altogether. He also dispensed with the Lute and the Viola d'amore, replacing them with an Organ and Violini con sordino. It was possibly performed in 1728 and definitely in 1732. This is listed as BC D 2c.

Part I

NBA		BWV	Bible	Reflection	Chorale		Source	Instruments	Key	Time	Symmetry
1		1		Chorus		Herr, unser Herrscher	anonymous	2Ft 2Ob			39
2	a	2				Jesus ging mit seinen Jüngern		Bc			-
2	b	3	Chorus			Jesum von Nazareth		2Ft 2Ob			-
2	c	4	Ev, Jesus			Jesus spricht zu ihnen		Bc			-
2	d	5	Chorus			Jesum von Nazareth		2Ob			-
2	e	6	Ev, Jesus			Jesus antwortete		Bc			-
3		7			Chorus	O große Lieb		2Ft 2Ob	G minor		-
4		8	Ev, Jesus			Auf daß das Wort erfüllet würde		Bc			-
5		9			Chorus	Dein Will gescheh	Martin Luther	2Ft 2Ob	D minor		-
6		10	Ev, Jesus			Die Schar aber und der Oberhauptmann		Bc			-
7		11		Aria Alto		Von den Stricken meiner Sünden	Brockes	2Ob Bc	D minor	3/4	-
8		12	Ev			Simon Petrus aber folgete Jesu nach		Bc			-
9		13		Aria Soprano		Ich folge dir gleichfalls	anonymous	2Ft Bc		3/8	-
10		14	Ev, Magd, Petrus, Jesus, Knecht			Derselbige Jünger war dem Hohenpriester bekannt		Bc			-
11		15			Chorus	Wer hat dich so geschlagen	Paul Gerhardt	2Ft 2Ob	A major		-
12	a	16	Ev			Und Hannas sandte ihn gebunden		Bc			-
12	b	17	Chorus			Bist du nicht seiner Jünger einer		2Ft 2Ob			-
12	c	18	Ev, Petrus, Knecht			Er leugnete aber und sprach		Bc			12c ends with "und alsobald krähete der Hahn" in B minor.
13^III				Tenor		?				?	Aria lost.
14		20			Chorus	Petrus, der nicht denkt zurück		2Ft 2Ob	G major		15

Part II

NBA		BWV	Bible	Reflection	Chorale		Source	Instruments	Key	Time	Symmetry	-
15		21			Chorus	Christus, der uns selig macht	Michael Weiße	2Ob	E Phrygian mode		14	-
16	a	22	Ev, Pilate			Da führeten sie Jesum		Bc			-	-
16	b	23	Chorus			Wäre dieser nicht ein Übeltäter		2Ft 2Ob			-	-
16	c	24	Ev, Pilate			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-	-
16	d	25	Chorus			Wir dürfen niemand töten		2Ft 2Ob			-	-
16	e	26				Auf daß erfüllet würde das Wort		Bc			-	-
17		27			Chorus	Ach großer König	Johann Heermann	2Ob	A minor		-	-
18	a	28	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihm	;	Bc			-	-
18	b	29	Chorus			Nicht diesen, sondern Barrabam	;	2Ft 2Ob			-	-
18	c	30	Ev			Barrabas aber war ein Mörder	;	Bc			-	-
19		31		Arioso Bass		Betrachte, meine Seel	Brockes	2Vn con sordinis Bc with organ	E-flat major		-	-
20		32		Aria Tenor		Erwäge, wie sein blutgefärbter Rücken	Brockes	2Vn con sordini Bc		12/8	-	-
21	a	33	Ev			Und die Kriegsknechte flochten eine Krone		Bc			-	-
21	b	34	Chorus			Sei gegrüßet, lieber Jüdenkönig		2Ft 2Ob		6/4	25 b	-
21	c	35	Ev, Pilate			Und gaben ihm Backenstreiche		Bc			-	-
21	d	36	Chorus			Kreuzige, kreuzige		2Ft 2Ob			23 d	-
21	e	37	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus sprach zu ihnen		Bc			-	-
21	f	38	Chorus			Wir haben ein Gesetz		2Ob			23 b	-
21	g	39	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			23 a	-
22		40			Chorus	Durch dein Gefängnis, Gottes Sohn		2Ft 2Ob	E major		center	-
23	a	41	Ev			Die Jüden aber schrieen und sprachen		Bc			21 g	-
23	b	42	Chorus			Lässest du diesen los		2Ft 1Ob 1 Oboe d'amore			21 f	-
23	c	43	Ev, Pilate			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			-	-
23	d	44	Chorus			Weg, weg mit dem		2Ft 1Ob 1Oa			21 d	-
23	e	45	Ev, Pilate			Spricht Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-	-
23	f	46	Chorus			Wir haben keinen König		2Ft 1Ob 1Oa			-	-
23	g	47	Ev			Da überantwortete er ihn		Bc			-	-
24		48		Aria bass	Soprano Alto Tenor	Eilt, ihr angefochtnen Seelen	Brockes		G minor	3/8	-	-
25	a	49	Ev			Allda kreuzigten sie ihn		Bc			-	-
25	b	50	Chorus			Schreibe nicht: der Jüden König		2Ft 2Ob		6/4	21 b	1Vn each doubles winds
25	c	51	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus antwortet		Bc			-	-
26		52			Chorus	In meines Herzens Grunde		2Ft 2Ob	E-flat major		-	-
27	a	53	Ev			Die Kriegsknechte aber		Bc			-	-
27	b	54	Chorus			Lasset uns den nicht zerteilen		2Ft 1Ob 1Oba		3/4	-	-
27	c	55	Ev, Jesus			Auf daß erfüllet würde die Schrift		Bc			Adagio for "Sie haben meine Kleider"	-
28		56			Chorus	Er nahm alles wohl in acht	Paul Stockmann	2Ft 2Ob	A major		-	-
29		57	Ev, Jesus			Und von Stund an nahm sie der Jünger		Bc			-	-
30		58		Aria Alto		Es ist vollbracht		Vg	B minor D major	3/4	Middle section: Vg doubles Alto.	-
31		59	Ev			Und neiget das Haupt		Bc			-	-
32		60		Aria Bass	Chorus	Mein teurer Heiland, laß dich fragen	Brockes Paul Stockmann		D major	12/8	-	-
33		61				Sinfonia		1Ob or 2Ob Taille 1Bsn			Lost, possibly identical to BWV 246	-
34				Discarded							-	-
35				Discarded							-	-
36		64	Ev			Die Jüden aber, dieweil es der Rüsttag war		Bc			-	-
37		65			Chorus	O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn	Michael Weiße	2Ft 2Ob			-	-
38		66	Ev			Darnach bat Pilatum Joseph von Arimathia		Bc			25 measures	-
39		67		Chorus		Ruht wohl, ihr heiligen Gebeine	Brockes	2Ft 2Ob	C Dorian mode	3/4	-	-
40					Discarded						-	-

Standard Version (1739-1749)

Essentially a reworking of the 1724 Version, this version is the most detail-oriented revision of the work. On 17 March 1739, while still working on this revision, Bach was informed that the performance of the Passion setting could not go ahead without official permission, thus effectively halting any plans for that year. In response, Bach performed the Brockes-Passion of his friend, Georg Philipp Telemann. However, though he had stopped at measure 42 of Movement 10, he continued to work on this revision, as shown by the copyists' score and parts. It is listed as BC D 2e.

Part I

NBA

BWV

Bible

Reflection

Chorale

Source

Instruments

Key

Time

Symmetry

Chorus

Herr, unser Herrscher

anonymous

2Ft 2Ob

All choral sections and instrumental ritornellos now include a Contrabassoon in the Continuo part;
much voice and instrumental details altered;
Slight changes in voice-leading and instrumental parts throughout work.

Jesus ging mit seinen Jüngern

Slight change in voice-leading and other details.

Chorus

Jesum von Nazareth

2Ft 2Ob

Slight change in voice-leading and other details.

Ev,
Jesus

Jesus spricht zu ihnen

Slight change in voice-leading and other details.

Chorus

Jesum von Nazareth

2Ob

Slight change in voice-leading and other details.

Ev,
Jesus

Jesus antwortete

Slight change in voice-leading and other details.

Chorus

O große Lieb

2Ft 2Ob

G minor

More flowing/less chordal;
now ends in G major

Ev,
Jesus

Auf daß das Wort erfüllet würde

Jesus recitative now accompanied by flowing Continuo part rather than chordal.

Chorus

Dein Will gescheh

Martin Luther

2Ft 2Ob

D minor

Ev,
Jesus

Die Schar aber und der Oberhauptmann

Slight alteration in voice-leading;
ends with stronger cadence.

Aria Alto

Von den Stricken meiner Sünden

Brockes

2Ob Bc

D minor

3/4

Voice-leading and instrumental notation and Continuo part altered.

Simon Petrus aber folgete Jesu nach

Aria Soprano

Ich folge dir gleichfalls

anonymous

2Ft Bc

3/8

Voice-leading and instrumental notation altered;
a measure inserted after measure 146;
Final ritornello reduced by 8 bars.

Ev,
Magd,
Petrus,
Jesus,
Knecht

Derselbige Jünger war dem Hohenpriester bekannt

Most extensive revision in voice-leading and instrumental notation.

Chorus

Wer hat dich so geschlagen

Paul Gerhardt

2Ft 2Ob

A major

Und Hannas sandte ihn gebunden

Slight change in voice-leading and other details.

Chorus

Bist du nicht seiner Jünger einer

2Ft 2Ob

Slight change in voice-leading and other details.

Ev,
Petrus,
Knecht

Er leugnete aber und sprach

Slight change in voice-leading and other details.

Aria Tenor

Ach, mein Sinn

Christian Weise

2Ft 2Ob

3/4

Marked "tutti gli Stromenti".

Chorus

Petrus, der nicht denkt zurück

2Ft 2Ob

A major

Part II

NBA		BWV	Bible	Reflection	Chorale		Source	Instruments	Key	Time	Symmetry
15		21			Chorus	Christus, der uns selig macht	Michael Weiße	2Ft 2Ob	E Phrygian mode		14
16	a	22	Ev, Pilate			Da führeten sie Jesum		Bc			-
16	b	23	Chorus			Wäre dieser nicht ein Übeltäter		2Ft 2Ob			-
16	c	24	Ev, Pilate			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-
16	d	25	Chorus			Wir dürfen niemand töten		2Ft 2Ob			-
16	e	26				Auf daß erfüllet würde das Wort		Bc			-
17		27			Chorus	Ach großer König	Johann Heermann	2Ft 2Ob	A minor		-
18	a	28	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihm	;	Bc			-
18	b	29	Chorus			Nicht diesen, sondern Barrabam	;	2Ft 2Ob			-
18	c	30	Ev			Barrabas aber war ein Mörder	;	Bc			-
19		31		Arioso bass		Betrachte, meine Seel'	Brockes	2 violas d'amore Bc with Archlute			-
20		32		Aria Tenor		Erwäge, wie sein blutgefärbter Rücken	Brockes	2 violas d'amore Bc		12/8	-
21	a	33	Ev			Und die Kriegsknechte flochten eine Krone		Bc			-
21	b	34	Chorus			Sei gegrüßet, lieber Jüdenkönig		2Ft 2Ob		6/4	25 b
21	c	35	Ev, Pilate			Und gaben ihm Backenstreiche		Bc			-
21	d	36	Chorus			Kreuzige, kreuzige		2Ft 2Ob			23 d
21	e	37	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus sprach zu ihnen		Bc			-
21	f	38	Chorus			Wir haben ein Gesetz		2Ft 2Ob			23 b
21	g	39	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			23 a
22		40			Chorus	Durch dein Gefängnis, Gottes Sohn		2Ft 2Ob	E major		center
23	a	41	Ev			Die Jüden aber schrieen und sprachen		Bc			21 g
23	b	42	Chorus			Lässest du diesen los		1Ob 1 Oboe d'amore			21 f
23	c	43	Ev, Pilate			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			-
23	d	44	Chorus			Weg, weg mit dem		2Ft 1Ob 1Oa			21 d
23	e	45	Ev, Pilate			Spricht Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-
23	f	46	Chorus			Wir haben keinen König		2Ft 1Ob 1Oa			-
23	g	47	Ev			Da überantwortete er ihn		Bc			-
24		48		Aria Bass	Soprano Alto Tenor	Eilt, ihr angefochtnen Seelen	Brockes		G minor	3/8	-
25	a	49	Ev			Allda kreuzigten sie ihn		Bc			-
25	b	50	Chorus			Schreibe nicht: der Jüden König		2Ft 2Ob		6/4	21 b
25	c	51	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus antwortet		Bc			-
26		52			Chorus	In meines Herzens Grunde		2Ft 2Ob	E-flat major		-
27	a	53	Ev			Die Kriegsknechte aber		Bc			-
27	b	54	Chorus			Lasset uns den nicht zerteilen		2Ft 1Ob 1Oba		3/4	-
27	c	55	Ev, Jesus			Auf daß erfüllet würde die Schrift		Bc			Adagio for "Sie haben meine Kleider"
28		56			Chorus	Er nahm alles wohl in acht	Paul Stockmann	2Ob	A major		-
29		57	Ev, Jesus			Und von Stund an nahm sie der Jünger		Bc			-
30		58		Aria Alto		Es ist vollbracht		Vg	B minor D major	3/4	Middle section: Vg doubles Continuo.
31		59	Ev			Und neiget das Haupt		Bc			-
32		60		Aria Bass	Chorus	Mein teurer Heiland, laß dich fragen	Brockes Paul Stockmann		D major	12/8	-
33		61	Ev			Und siehe da, der Vorhang im Tempel zerriß		Bc			-
34		62		Arioso Tenor		Mein Herz, in dem die ganze Welt	Brockes	2Ft 2Oc			-
35		63		Aria Soprano		Zerfließe, mein Herze	Brockes	2Ft 2Oc Bc	F Dorian mode	3/8	-
36		64	Ev			Die Jüden aber, dieweil es der Rüsttag war		Bc			-
37		65			Chorus	O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn	Michael Weiße	2Ft 2Ob			-
38		66	Ev			Darnach bat Pilatum Joseph von Arimathia		Bc			-
39		67		Chorus		Ruht wohl, ihr heiligen Gebeine	Brockes	2Ft 2Ob	C Dorian mode	3/4	-
40		68			Chorus	Ach Herr, laß dein lieb Engelein	Martin Schalling	2Ft 2Ob	E-flat major		-

Version IV

Essentially a re-production of Version I with a few alterations. It was performed in 1749 and repeated in 1750. It also represents the largest instrumental ensemble used, and calls for a Contrabassoon. It is listed as BC D 2d.

Part I

NBA		BWV	Bible	Reflection	Chorale		Source	Instruments	Key	Time	Symmetry
1		1		Chorus		Herr, unser Herrscher	anonymous	2Ft 2Ob			39
2	a	2				Jesus ging mit seinen Jüngern		Bc			-
2	b	3	Chorus			Jesum von Nazareth		2Ft 2Ob			-
2	c	4	Ev, Jesus			Jesus spricht zu ihnen		Bc			-
2	d	5	Chorus			Jesum von Nazareth		2Ob			-
2	e	6	Ev, Jesus			Jesus antwortete		Bc			-
3		7			Chorus	O große Lieb		2Ft 2Ob	G minor		-
4		8	Ev, Jesus			Auf daß das Wort erfüllet würde		Bc			-
5		9			Chorus	Dein Will gescheh	Martin Luther	2Ft 2Ob	D minor		-
6		10	Ev, Jesus			Die Schar aber und der Oberhauptmann		Bc			-
7		11		Aria Alto		Von den Stricken meiner Sünden	Brockes	2Ob Bc	D minor	3/4	Continuo like revision.
8		12	Ev			Simon Petrus aber folgete Jesu nach		Bc			-
9		13		Aria Soprano		Ich folge dir gleichfalls	anonymous	2Ft Bc		3/8	a measure inserted after measure 146; Text changed: "Ich folge dir gleichfalls, mein Heiland, mit Freuden", etc.
10		14	Ev, Magd, Petrus, Jesus, Knecht			Derselbige Jünger war dem Hohenpriester bekannt		Bc			Continuo in Measure 20 changed.
11		15			Chorus	Wer hat dich so geschlagen	Paul Gerhardt	2Ft 2Ob	A major		-
12	a	16	Ev			Und Hannas sandte ihn gebunden		Bc			-
12	b	17	Chorus			Bist du nicht seiner Jünger einer		2Ft 2Ob			-
12	c	18	Ev, Petrus, Knecht			Er leugnete aber und sprach		Bc			-
13		19		Aria Tenor		Ach, mein Sinn	Christian Weise			3/4	-
14		20			Chorus	Petrus, der nicht denkt zurück		2Ft 2Ob	A major		15

Part II

NBA		BWV	Bible	Reflection	Chorale		Source	Instruments	Key	Time	Symmetry	-
15		21			Chorus	Christus, der uns selig macht	Michael Weiße	2Ft 2Ob	E Phrygian mode		14	-
16	a	22	Ev, Pilate			Da führeten sie Jesum		Bc			-	-
16	b	23	Chorus			Wäre dieser nicht ein Übeltäter		2Ft 2Ob			-	-
16	c	24	Ev, Pilate			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-	-
16	d	25	Chorus			Wir dürfen niemand töten		2Ft 2Ob			-	-
16	e	26				Auf daß erfüllet würde das Wort		Bc			-	-
17		27			Chorus	Ach großer König	Johann Heermann	2Ft 2Ob	A minor		-	-
18	a	28	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da sprach Pilatus zu ihm	;	Bc			-	-
18	b	29	Chorus			Nicht diesen, sondern Barrabam	;	2Ft 2Ob			-	-
18	c	30	Ev			Barrabas aber war ein Mörder	;	Bc			-	-
19		31		Arioso Bass		Betrachte, meine Seel'	Brockes	2Vn con sordini Bc with Harpsichord			Text for middle section altered.	-
20		32		Aria Tenor		Mein Jesu, ach! dein schmerzhaft bitter Leiden	Anonymous	2Vn con sordini Bc		12/8	-	-
21	a	33	Ev			Und die Kriegsknechte flochten eine Krone		Bc			-	-
21	b	34	Chorus			Sei gegrüßet, lieber Jüdenkönig		2Ft 2Ob		6/4	25 b	1Vn each doubles wind parts.
21	c	35	Ev, Pilate			Und gaben ihm Backenstreiche		Bc			-	-
21	d	36	Chorus			Kreuzige, kreuzige		2Ft 2Ob			23 d	-
21	e	37	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus sprach zu ihnen		Bc			-	-
21	f	38	Chorus			Wir haben ein Gesetz		2Ft 2Ob			23 b	-
21	g	39	Ev, Pilate, Jesus			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			23 a	-
22		40			Chorus	Durch dein Gefängnis, Gottes Sohn		2Ft 2Ob	E major		center	-
23	a	41	Ev			Die Jüden aber schrieen und sprachen		Bc			21 g	-
23	b	42	Chorus			Lässest du diesen los		2Ft 1Ob 1 Oboe d'amore			21 f	-
23	c	43	Ev, Pilate			Da Pilatus das Wort hörete		Bc			-	-
23	d	44	Chorus			Weg, weg mit dem		2Ft 1Ob 1Oa			21 d	-
23	e	45	Ev, Pilate			Spricht Pilatus zu ihnen		Bc			-	-
23	f	46	Chorus			Wir haben keinen König		2Ft 1Ob 1Oa			-	-
23	g	47	Ev			Da überantwortete er ihn		Bc			-	-
24		48		Aria Bass	Soprano Alto Tenor	Eilt, ihr angefochtnen Seelen	Brockes		G minor	3/8	-	-
25	a	49	Ev			Allda kreuzigten sie ihn		Bc			-	-
25	b	50	Chorus			Schreibe nicht: der Jüden König		2Ft 2Ob		6/4	21 b	1Vn each doubles wind parts.
25	c	51	Ev, Pilate			Pilatus antwortet		Bc			-	-
26		52			Chorus	In meines Herzens Grunde		2Ft 2Ob	E-flat major		-	-
27	a	53	Ev			Die Kriegsknechte aber		Bc			-	-
27	b	54	Chorus			Lasset uns den nicht zerteilen		2Ft 1Ob 1Oba		3/4	-	-
27	c	55	Ev, Jesus			Auf daß erfüllet würde die Schrift		Bc			Adagio for "Sie haben meine Kleider"	-
28		56			Chorus	Er nahm alles wohl in acht	Paul Stockmann	2Ft 2Ob	A major		-	-
29		57	Ev, Jesus			Und von Stund an nahm sie der Jünger		Bc			-	-
30		58		Aria Alto		Es ist vollbracht		Vg	B minor D major	3/4	Middle section: Vg doubles Alto.	-
31		59	Ev			Und neiget das Haupt		Bc			-	-
32		60		Aria Bass	Chorus	Mein teurer Heiland, laß dich fragen	Brockes Paul Stockmann		D major	12/8	-	-
33		61	Ev			Und siehe da, der Vorhang im Tempel zerriß		Bc			-	-
34		62		Arioso Tenor		Mein Herz, in dem die ganze Welt	Brockes	2Ft 2Oa			-	-
35		63		Aria soprano		Zerfließe, mein Herze	Brockes	1Ft + 1Vn con sordino 1Oc Bc	F Dorian mode	3/8	-	-
36		64	Ev			Die Jüden aber, dieweil es der Rüsttag war		Bc			-	-
37		65			Chorus	O hilf, Christe, Gottes Sohn	Michael Weiße	2Ft 2Ob			-	-
38		66	Ev			Darnach bat Pilatum Joseph von Arimathia		Bc			-	-
39		67		Chorus		Ruht wohl, ihr heiligen Gebeine	Brockes	2Ft 2Ob	C Dorian mode	3/4	-	-
40		68			Chorus	Ach Herr, laß dein lieb Engelein	Martin Schalling	2Ft 2Ob	E-flat major		-	-

Scores

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St John Passion structure

Structure

Text

Gospel

Chorales

Contemporary text

Scoring

Symmetry

Versions

Overview

The chorales in detail

Tables of movements

Version I

Part I

Part II

Version II

Part I

Part II

Version III

Part I

Part II

Standard Version (1739-1749)

Part I

Part II

Version IV

Part I

Part II

Scores

Books

Online sources