Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
The Treaty of Friendship and Alliance was a treaty signed by the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China and the Soviet Union on 14 August 1945. At the time, Soviet and Mongolian troops were occupying Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, having seized it from the Japanese during World War II. In a declaration made in connection with the treaty, China accepted the independence of Outer Mongolia within its previous borders, provided that a referendum on the issue be held and that the Soviet Union ceased aiding the Chinese Communist Party and Ili National Army. Furthermore, the two nations agreed upon joint control of the Chinese Eastern Railway and to facilitate its eventual return to full Chinese sovereignty.
However, China noticed that the Soviet Union secretly and continuously supported Chinese Communist Party and People's Liberation Army which were opposed to the ruling Kuomintang and the government of Republic of China. The relation collapsed when Chinese Communist Party proclaimed the People's Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949 and the Soviet Union recognized it. The UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 505 on 1 February 1952, which confirmed that the Soviet Union had violated the terms of the treaty by assisting the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War. On 24 February 1953, the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China voted to officially terminate its commitments to the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance as well, thereby rescinding its recognition of the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic.
