Shortnin' Bread
"Shortnin' Bread" is an African-American folk song dating back at least to the 1890s. James Whitcomb Riley published a poem building on older lyrics in 1900. A "collected" version was published by E. C. Perrow in 1915. It is song number 4209 in the Roud Folk Song Index.
Shortening bread refers to a bread, made of corn meal and/or flour and lard shortening. It should not be confused with shortbread.
Origins
"Shortnin' Bread" is a plantation song. Its first written version was captured by poet James Whitcomb Riley in 1900. He titled the song "A Short'nin' Bread Song—Pieced Out", and wrote the first verse as:The dialect rendered into common English would be:
The verse includes:
Another pair of verses may be later, and exist in several versions:
were once referred to by one of several racist terms.
Other verses include:
Folk version
Titled "Shortened Bread", E. C. Perrow published the first folk version of this song in 1915, which he collected from East Tennessee in 1912. The folk version of the song—as with Riley's—does not have any distinct theme, but consists of various floating lyrics, some relating to "shortnin' bread", some not. The traditional chorus associated with the folk song goes:The Beach Boys version
The song was recorded by the American rock band the Beach Boys numerous times. Only one version has seen official release, as the final track on their 1979 album L.A. .During the 1970s, principal songwriter Brian Wilson was reportedly obsessed with the song, recording more than a dozen versions of the tune. Alex Chilton recalled receiving middle-of-the-night phone calls from Wilson asking him to sing on a recording of "Shortenin' Bread"'. The Monkees' Micky Dolenz wrote in his autobiography that while tripping on LSD with Wilson, John Lennon, and Harry Nilsson, he remembers Wilson playing "Shortenin' Bread" on piano "over and over again". Elton John and Iggy Pop were also bemused by an extended, contumacious Wilson-led singalong of "Shortenin' Bread", leading Pop to flee the room proclaiming, "I gotta get out of here, man. This guy is nuts!" Alice Cooper recalled that Wilson considered "Shortnin' Bread" to be the greatest song ever written, as he quotes Wilson for an explanation: "I don't know, it's just the best song ever written."
Beach Boy Al Jardine speculated that Wilson's obsession with the song may have begun after co-writing the song "Ding Dang" with the Byrds' Roger McGuinn in the 1970s. McGuinn explained that Wilson had one day come to his house for amphetamines while escaping from his therapist. After McGuinn spent some time crafting "Ding Dang" with Wilson, he went to bed. The next day, he awoke to Wilson, still awake, and still playing "Ding Dang" on piano. Only one lyric was ever written: "I love a girl and I love her madly / I treat her so fine but she treats me so badly". During sessions for The Beach Boys Love You, engineer Earle Mankey commented that "everybody who showed up got subjected to 'Ding Dang'."
A significant number of "Ding Dang" and "Shortenin' Bread" permutations exist in the Beach Boys' tape vaults. Most of them are unreleased, with titles such as "Clangin'", "Brian's Jam", and "Rolling Up to Heaven". A version was completed for the unreleased album Adult/Child in late 1977. This recording was developed from a 1973 session conducted with Wilson's girl group side-project American Spring.
Other renditions
- The Andrews Sisters
- Al Jolson
- Gid Tanner
- The Viscounts
- Sonny Terry, Sonny Terry's New Sound: The Jawharp in Blues and Folk Music
- Lawrence Tibbett
- Fats Waller
- Dave Brubeck
- Frances Faye
- Taj Mahal
- Richard White
- 1937 – Nelson Eddy, Maytime
- 1956 - Etta James, Etta "Miss Peaches" James: Shortnin' Bread Rock / Tears of Joy
- 1963 – Mississippi John Hurt, D.C. Blues: Library of Congress Recordings
- 1982 – Klaus Flouride
- 1981 – The Kelly Family, Wonderful World!
- 1990 – The Cramps, Stay Sick
- 1998 – The Tractors, Farmers in a Changing World
- 2002 – Laurie Berkner, Under a Shady Tree
- 2014 – The Wiggles
In popular culture
Music
- The Unity Church sings "Every little cell in my body is healthy. Every little cell in my body is well." to the tune of "Shortnin' Bread." It appears in all three editions of the hymnal and was reportedly used by Myrtle Fillmore during her healing.
- The tune for a significant portion of "The Happy Organ" bears a strong resemblance to the "Shortnin' Bread" tune.
- The melody from the "put on the skillet" portion also forms the harmonic choruses of both “The Tra La La Song ” by The Banana Splits and “Buffalo Soldier” by Bob Marley and the Wailers.
- In the Elvis Presley song "Clambake", "Shortnin' Bread" is paraphrased as "Mama's little baby loves clambake clambake, mama's little baby loves clambake too."
- Paul Chaplain and his Emralds took a rock version of the song to No. 82 in the Hot 100 in August 1962.
- The chorus to the song is used as a medley in the song "Pachuco Cadaver" on Trout Mask Replica by Captain Beefheart and His Magic Band
- The 1994 song "Deuces Are Wild" by Aerosmith features the line "Mama's little baby loves shortnin' bread" in the lyrics.
- Hap Palmer wrote a song "Sittin' in a High Chair" for his album BabySong while using the music to adapt it. A video for his song shows a mama orangutan feeding her baby.
- Johnny Cash mentioned the line "Mama's little baby loves shortnin' bread" in the Mark O'Connor song "The Devil Comes Back to Georgia", a continuation of "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" and a collaboration with Marty Stuart, Travis Tritt, and Charlie Daniels.
- The Wiggles covered it in 2017.
Film
- In the Looney Tune Hare Tonic, Elmer Fudd sings the song at the beginning of the cartoon but with the lyrics changed from "shortnin' bread" into "rabbit stew".
- Nelson Eddy, as Willie the Operatic Whale, sings in the Disney animated feature Make Mine Music.
- Rosa Rio played the song in her original Video Yesteryear score for The Wizard of Oz in the mid-1980s as a theme for the character of Snowball. Some reviewers found this reinforced the racist portrayal of the character.
- In the film Police Academy 4, the character Captain Harris is seen singing the song into his cane.
- Similarities have been noted in the main theme for Driving Miss Daisy.
- In the movie Trainspotting, Renton's friends and family sing the song in a celebration after he avoids being jailed.
- At the end of the credits in the movie Secret Window, Johnny Depp is heard singing the song.
- Chris Rock sings this at a funeral in the comedy Death at a Funeral.
- Rod Steiger sings a modified version, "Mama's little Joy Boy loves lobster, lobster" in the black comedy The Loved One, when describing a nightmare he had involving his mother and lobsters.
Television
- Willie the Whale sings the first verse and the chorus of the song in the animated short "The Whale Who Wanted To Sing At The Met" featured in the Disney film Make Mine Music.
- Donald Duck sings the song while making pancakes in the animated short Three for Breakfast.
- In the Warner Bros. cartoon, Hare Tonic, Elmer and Bugs take turns singing the song, replacing "shortnin' bread" with "wabbit stew".
- In the I Love Lucy episode "Ethel's Home Town", Ethel sings "Shornin' Bread" while Lucy, Ricky, and Fred perform a comedy routine behind her.
- The Bullwinkle Show Numerous characters sing this song in different contexts. In one Dudley Do-Right segment, "The Masked Ginny Lynne," Dudley begins leaping around and dancing while singing this song, as the opera singer renders everyone else inert with her soporific moan. One Fractured Fairy Tales retelling of Three Little Pigs begins with three pig sisters receiving a singing telegram, to the tune of this song, telling them they have inherited a fortune.
- The Banana Splits "Tra la la" theme song uses a chorus derived from "Shortnin' Bread."
- In 1984, the children's music trio Sharon, Lois & Bram performed this song in Season 1 of their hit TV Show Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show.
- In the 1985 Kidsongs video, "A Day at Old MacDonald's Farm", "Shortnin' Bread" is sung in a different way pertaining to eating breakfast.
- In the Ren & Stimpy episode, "I Love Chicken", Ren Hoek sings the song whilst preparing a meal.
- At the end of a The Fresh Prince of Bel Air episode, Will is seen singing the song while scrubbing the floor with his cousin as the end credits roll.
- In the Tom & Jerry cartoon, "The Milky Waif", the tune of Shortnin' Bread is played when Jerry and Nibbles daub themselves with shoe polish and appear in blackface to confuse Tom.
- In Warner Brothers' Animaniacs, this song is part of the regular soundtrack for the adventures of Yakko, Wakko, and Dot, and is played over and over again throughout the series.