Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
Sanjiv Sam Gambhir was an American physician-scientist. He was the Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Professor in Cancer Research, Chairman of the Department of Radiology at Stanford University School of Medicine, and a professor by courtesy in the departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University. Additionally, he served as the Director of the Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection and the Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostics Center. He authored 680 publications and had over 40 patents pending or granted. His work was featured on the cover of over 25 journals including the Nature Series, Science, and Science Translational Medicine. He was on the editorial board of several journals including Nano Letters, Nature Clinical Practice Oncology, and . He was founder/co-founder of several biotechnology companies and also served on the scientific advisory board of multiple companies. He mentored over 150 post-doctoral fellows and graduate students from over a dozen disciplines. He was known for his work in molecular imaging of living subjects and early cancer detection.
Personal
Gambhir was born in Ambala, India and moved to the US with his parents and sister in 1969. He was raised in Phoenix, Arizona. He was married to Aruna Bodapati Gambhir and lived in the Bay Area. He died July 18th 2020 of cancer of unknown primary. His son, Milan Gambhir, was born in 1998 and died from a glioblastoma in 2015.Education and employment
Gambhir was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Arizona State University where he received his BS in Physics. He then entered the combined M.D-Ph.D. Medical Scientist Training Program at the University of California Los Angeles and received his MD, and his PhD in biomathematics.His first academic appointment was in 1994, at UCLA, as an Assistant Professor of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology. He was a Clinical Attending in the Nuclear Medicine Department at the Center for Health Sciences at UCLA starting in 1997. He was appointed tenure Professorship at UCLA in 2003. In 2003, he moved to Stanford University and was appointed Professor of Radiology, Head of Nuclear Medicine, Director of the Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Director of the Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostics Center, Division Chief of the Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, and Member of the Bio-X Program. He became the Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Professor for Clinical Investigation in Cancer Research, which is an Endowed Professorship in 2009. He was appointed the Chair of Radiology in August 2011.
Honors and awards
Gambhir received the following:- Taplin Award
- Holst Medal
- Academy of Molecular Imaging Distinguished Basic Scientist of the Year Award
- Society for Molecular Imaging Achievement Award
- Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
- Hounsfield Medal
- Fellowship of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
- Paul C. Aebersold Award
- Organizer and Co-Chair for the Nobel Symposium in Imaging
- Inducted as a member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation
- Tesla Medal
- Elected to the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academies
- Parmley Prize
- Radiological Society of North America
- Outstanding Researcher Award
- Gopal Subramanian Lifetime Achievement Award
- George Charles de Hevesy Nuclear Pioneer Award
- Aunt Minnie Award
- Distinguished Scientist Award for Distinguished Contributions to Nuclear Medicine
- Society of Asian American Scientists in Cancer Research Award
- American Association of Indian Scientists in Cancer Research Lifetime Achievement Award
- American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow Award
- J. Allyn Taylor International Prize in Medicine
- National Academy of Inventors
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- Basic Science Teaching Award
- Benedict Cassen Prize for Research in Molecular Imaging
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award - IEEE Advancing Technology for Humanity
Research focus
Major contributions
PET reporter gene technology, multimodality reporter genes, imaging of gene/cell therapies, imaging of the immune system, imaging of intracellular events in living subjects, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in living subjects, nanoparticle based imaging, Raman imaging in vivo and photoacoustic molecular imaging with novel imaging agents in living subjects. Decision Management Models for the use of FDG PET in cancer.Selected publications
- Haywood T., Beinat C., Gowrishankar, Patel C.B., Alam I.S., Murty S., Gambhir S.S. . PNAS USA. 116: 11402–11407, 2019.
- Hoehne A.; James, M.L.; Alam, I.S.;, Ronald, J.A.; Schneider, B.; D’Souza, A.; Witney, T.H.; Andrews, L.E.; Cropper, H.C.; Behera, D.; Gowrishankar, G.; Ding, Z.; Wyss-Coray, T.; Chin, F.T.; Biswal, S.; Gambhir, S.S.. FSPG-PET Reveals Increased Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter Activity in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.] Journal of Neuroinflammation, 15: 55.
- Hori, S.S.; A.M. Lutz; R. Paulmurugan; S.S. Gambhir.. Nature Biomedical Engineering 1: 1–3.
- Keu K.V.; Witney T.H.; Yaghoubi S.; Rosenberg J.; Kurien A.; Magnusson R.; Williams J.; Habte F.; Wagner j.R.; Forman S.; Brown C.; Allen-Auerbach M.; Czernin J.; Tang W.; Jensen M.C.; Badie B.; Gambhir S.S.. . Science Translational Medicine 9, eaag2196.
- Park S-M.; Wong D.J.; Ooi C.; Kurtz D.M.;, Vermesh O.; Aailpour A.; Suh S.; Pian K.L.; Chabon J.J.; Lee S.H.; Jamali M.; Say C.; Carter J.N.; Lee L.P.; Kuschner W.G.; Schwartz E.J.; Shrager J.B.; Neal J.W.; Wakelle H.A.; Diehn M.; Nair V.S.; Wang S.X. and Gambhir S.S.. PNAS
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- Maute R.L., Gordon S.R., Mayer A.T., McCracken M.N., Natarajan A., Ring N.G., Kimura R., Tsai J.M., Manglik A., Kruse A.C., Gambhir S.S., Weissman I.L., Ring A.M. Engineering High-Affinity PD-1 Variants for Optimized Immunotherapy and Immun-PET Imaging. PNAS USA. 112: E6506-14, 2015.
- Inci F., Filippini C., Baday M., Ozen M.O., Calamak S., Dumus N.G., Wang S., Hanhauser E., Hobbs K.S., Juillard F., Kuang P.P., Vetter M.L., Carocci M., Yamamoto H.S., Takahi Y., Yildiz U.H., Akin D., Wesemann D.R., Singhal S., Yang P.L., Nibert M.L., Fichorova R.N., Lau D.T., Henrich T.J., Kaye K.M., Schachter S.C., Kurtizkes D.R., Steinmetz L.M., Gambhir S.S. Davis R.W. Demirci U. Multitarget, Quantitative Nanoplasmonic Electrical Field-Enhanced Resonating Device for Diagnostics. PNAS USA. 112: E4354-63, 2015.
- Dragulescu-Andrasi A., Chan C.T., De A., Massoud T., Gambhir S.S. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Imaging of Protein-Protein Interactions Within Deep Tissues of Living Subjects. PNAS USA. 108: 12060–5, 2011.
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- Fan-Minogue H., Cao Z., Paulmurugan R., Chan C.T., Massoud T.F., Felsher D.W., Gambhir S.S. Non-Invasive Molecular Imaging of c-Myc Activation in Living Mice. PNAS USA. 107: 15892–15897, 2010.
- Liu, H. Patel, M.R., Prescher, J.A., Patsialou, A., Qian, D., Lin, J., Wen, S., Chang, Y.F., Bachmann, M.H., Shimono, Y., Dalerba, P., Adorno, M., Lobo, N., Bueno, J., Dirbas, F.M., Goswami, S., Somio, G., Condeelis*, J., Contag*, C.H., Gambhir*, S.S., Clarke*, M.F. Cancer Stem Cells from Human Breast Tumors are Involved in Spontaneous Metastases in Orthotopic Mouse Models. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107: 18115–20, 2010.
- D'Souza A., Tseng J., Pauly K., Guccione S., Rosenberg J., Gambhir S.S.*, Glazer G*. A Strategy for Blood Biomarker Amplification and Localization Using Ultrasound. PNAS USA. 106: 17152–17157, 2009.
- Lu Y., Dang H., Middleton B., Zhang Z., Washburn L., Stout D.B., Campbell-Thompson M., Atkinson M.A., Phelps M.E., Gambhir S.S., Tian J., Kaufman D.L. Non-Invasive Imaging of Islet Grafts Using Positron Emission Tomography. PNAS USA. 103: 11294–11299, 2006.
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- Paulmurugan R., Gambhir S.S. An Intermolecular Folding Sensor for Imaging Estrogen Receptor-Ligand Interactions. PNAS USA. 103: 15883–15888, 2006.
- Shu C., Guo S., Kim Y., Shelly S., Nijagal A., Ray P., Gambhir S.S., Radu C., Witte O. Visualization of Primary Anti-Tumor Immune Response by Positron Emission Tomography. PNAS USA. 102: 17412–17417, 2005.
- Bhaumik S., Walls Z., Puttaraju M., Mitchell L.G., Gambhir S.S. Real-Time Molecular Imaging of Gene Expression in Living Subjects by Splicesome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing. PNAS USA. 101:8693-8698, 2004.
- Dubey P., Su H., Adonai N., Du S., Rosato A., Braun J., Gambhir S.S., Witte O. Quantitative Imaging of the T-Cell Anti-Tumor Response by Positron Emission Tomography. PNAS USA. 100: 1232–1237, 2003.
- Paulmurugan R., Umezawa Y., Gambhir S.S. Non-Invasive Imaging of Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Subjects Using Reporter Protein Complementation and Reconstitution Strategies. PNAS USA. 99: 15608–15613, 2002.
- Ray P., Pimenta H., Paulmurugan R., Berger F., Phelps M.E., Iyer M., Gambhir S.S. Non-Invasive Quantitative Imaging of Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Subject. PNAS USA. 99: 3105–3110, 2002.
- Adonai N., Nguyen K., Walsh J., Iyer M., Toyokuni T., Phelps M.E., McCarthy D., Gambhir S.S. Ex Vivo Cell Labelling with 64Cu-Pyruvaldehyde-Bis for Imaging Cell Trafficking in Mice with Positron Emission Tomography. PNAS USA. 99: 3030–3035, 2002.
- Bhaumik S., Gambhir S.S. Optical Imaging of Renilla Luciferase Reporter Gene Expression in Living Mice. PNAS USA. 99: 377–382, 2002.
- Iyer M., Wu L., Carey M., Wang Y. Smallwood A., Gambhir S.S. Two-Step Transcriptional Amplification as a Method for Imaging Reporter Gene Expression Using Weak Promoters. PNAS USA. 98: 14595–14600, 2001.
- Gambhir S.S., Bauer E., Black M., Liang Q., Kokoris M.S., Barrio J., Iyer M., Namavari M., Phelps M.E., Herschman H.R. A Mutant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase Reporter Gene Shows Improved Sensitivity for Imaging Reporter Gene Expression with Positron Emission Tomography. PNAS USA. 97:2785-2790, 2000.
- Wu A., Yazaki P., Tsai S., Nguyen K., Anderson A., McCarthy D., Welch M., Shively J., Williams L., Raubitschek A., Wong J., Toyokuni T., Phelps M.E., Gambhir S.S. High-Resolution MicroPET Imaging of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Positive Xenografts by Using a Copper-64-Labeled Engineered Antibody Fragment. PNAS USA. 97:8495-8500, 2000.
- Gambhir S.S., Barrio J.R., Phelps M.E., Iyer M., Namavari M., Satyamurthy N., Wu L., Green L.A., Bauer E., MacLaren D.C., Nguyen K., Berk A.J., Cherry S.R., Herschman H.R. Imaging Adenoviral-Directed Reporter Gene Expression in Living Animals with Positron Emission Tomography. PNAS USA. 96: 2333–2338, 1999.