Richard A. Cash
Richard Alan Cash, M.D., M.P.H. is an American global health researcher, public health physician, and internist. He is a Senior Lecturer in International Health at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston. Cash began his international career over 40 years ago when he was assigned by NIAID of the NIH to the Pakistan-SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory in Dhaka, East Pakistan. While there, he and his colleagues developed and conducted the first clinical trials of oral rehydration therapy in adult and pediatric cholera patients and patients with other infectious causes of diarrhea. This technology matches the volume of fluid losses from dehydration patients with the volume they consume so that the fluid replacement packets greatly reduce or completely replace IV therapy, which was then the only current treatment for cholera. Discoveries in ORT have been estimated to have saved over 50 million lives worldwide. World Health Organization estimates are that at least 60 million children have been spared painful deaths because of ORT. They also conducted the first field trials of ORT, the first community-based trials of ORT, and the first use of amino acids as an additional substrate. In the late 1970s, Cash worked with BRAC on their OTEP ], which taught over 13 million mothers and caregivers how to prepare and use ORT in the home using the "pinch and scoop" method.
It is estimated by WHO researchers that, each year, around 500 million packs of the oral rehydration solution are used in more than 60 developing countries, saving over 60 million lives around the world. For demonstrating how inexpensive and simple-to-use oral rehydration therapy could treat cholera and other diarrheal diseases, then by promoting in the developing world customized applications of oral rehydration therapy developed by Cash and David R. Nalin, Cash, David Nalin, and Dilip Mahalanabis became joint recipients of the in public health for "exemplary contributions in the field of public health" and for their contributions "to the application of the oral rehydration solution in the treatment of severe diarrhea worldwide, including Thailand.
On November 8, 2011, Cash was presented with the 2011 Prize for Improving Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for his leadership in the development and dissemination of Oral Rehydration Therapy as a practical treatment for cholera and other diarrheal diseases that has saved the lives of at least 60 million children worldwide.
Contributions to ethics
Cash has lectured internationally and authored or co-authored a number of published papers on research ethics and teaches a Harvard course and had long directed a summer intensive workshop on those issues. He won continued NIH funding for a series of that touch on over a dozen issues listed on . The use of case method teaching has been a critical element of all his courses. Many of the currently-used ethics case studies, the course outlines, many readings, and other course materials . After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Cash served with the Russian Academy of Sciences project on development of bioethics capacity in the Commonwealth of Independent States.Contributions to public health
Richard A. Cash explored contrasts within and between nations in health research ethics as a PI of a training grant from the National Institutes of Health on "Ethical Issues in International Health Research" at HSPH. For eleven years, as Director of the and in line with his deep commitment to capacity building in growing nations, he has conducted training workshops based on this research in at , and in 18 nations in South America, Africa, India, and the Middle East, covering issues of informed consent, confidentiality, conflict of interest, investigator responsibilities to study populations, research in resource poor environments, and the development of ethical review committees. He has also overseen the training of 20 Fellows from Asia, and he has conducted over 30 workshops on research ethics in 12 nations.Accolades
- 1994 - Special Citation - 25th Anniversary of the development of Oral Rehydration Therapy ICDDRB/Government of Bangladesh
- 2006 -
- 2007 - Samuel Bereson Award for Distinguished Alumni, New York University School of Medicine
- 2008 - Distinguished Alumni Award, New York University
- 2011 - at the US Centers for Disease Control
- 2018 - '50 Years of ORT: Cashing in on the Poor Man's Gatorade' - Symposium celebrating the development of ORT and the contributions of Richard Cash and David Nalin, November 19, 2018, sponsored by the Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard Global Health Institute, and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Books and publications
- Oral maintenance therapy for cholera in adults. Nalin DR, Cash RA, Islam R, Molla M, Phillips RA. Lancet. 1968 Aug 17;2:370-3.
- Oral or nasogastric maintenance therapy in pediatric cholera patients. Nalin DR, Cash RA. J Pediatr. 1971 Feb;78:355-8.
- Cash, R., Wikler, D., Saxena, A., Capron, A. , Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009, 2010.
Major professional service
- 1995–1996 - President, , Columbia, MD
- 1993–1997 - Board Member, , Columbia, MD
- 1982–1984 - Chair, International Health Section, American Public Health Association
Professional Societies (past and present)
- American Public Health Association
- International Health Society
-
Editorial boards
- 1997–present - Member, Editorial Board, Archives of Medical Research
- 1987–present - Member, Editorial Board, Community Health Education
- Dhananjay Kattul is head of J P Morgan India
Timeline
- 1941 - Richard A. Cash born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- 1959-1962 - University of Wisconsin, BA, 1959
- 1962-1966 - New York University School of Medicine, MD
- 1966 - Rheumatic Disease Unit, Northern General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
- 1966-1967 - Intern, Bellevue Hospital, New York, New York
- 1960s - Work as a young clinician interest in global health at the Pakistan-SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory in Dhaka
- 1967 - Richard Cash co-discovers that oral therapy can rehydrate cholera patients. Collaborates with David Nalin to develop trial protocol to confirm discovery success.
- 1967-1970 - Senior Assistant Surgeon General, US Public Health Research Fellow, Cholera Research Laboratory, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health assigned to CRL, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 1970-1971 - Junior Assistant Resident, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, MD
- 1971-1973 - Fellow in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, MD
- 1972-1973 - Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, MPH
- 1973-1976 - Assistant Professor, University of Maryland - Department of Medicine
- 1975-1976 - Assistant Professor, University of Maryland - Department of Social and Preventive Medicine
- 1975 - The World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund agreed to promote a single, orally administered solution of oral rehydration salts to prevent dehydration caused by diarrhea.
- 1976 - Lecturer, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health
- 1977-2000 - Fellow, Harvard Institute for International Development, Cambridge, MA
- 1979-1989 - Lecturer, Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- 1981-1990 - Director, Office of International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- 1990-2000 - Co-director, Health Office, Harvard Institute for International Development, Cambridge, MA* 1998 - NIH Grant to develop ethics course in healthcare research among vulnerable populations in resource poor areas of the developing world.
- 1990-2002 - Lecturer on International Health, Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- 1994 - Special Citation - 25th Anniversary of the development of Oral Rehydration Therapy ICDDRB/Government of Bangladesh
- 1998–present - Visiting Professor, Achutha Menon Centre, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- 1998-2001 - Principal Investigator, Ethical Issues in International Health Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- 1999 - First "Ethical Issues in International Health Research" course offered at HSPH.
- 2000-2006 - Principal Investigator, International Fellows Program in Ethical Issues in International Health Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- 2001–present - Director, Program on Ethical Issues in International Health Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- 2002-2008 - - sponsored by NIH/FIC
- 2002-2008 - Senior Lecturer on International Health, Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- 2003-2005 - - sponsored by NIH/NHLBI
- 2003–present - Member, International Advisory Committee, James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- 2004 - Began working at HSPH on Ethical Issues in Global Health Research summer intensive course with Daniel I. Wikler, previously Senior Bioethicist at WHO.
- 2005 - Visiting Professor, James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- 2007 - .
- 2007 - Samuel Bereson Award for Distinguished Alumni, New York University School of Medicine
- 2008 - Distinguished Alumni Award, New York University
- 2008–present - Senior Lecturer on International Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, how the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- 2011 - Awarded the at the US Centers for Disease Control for his development of Oral Rehydration Therapy