The Ray of Creation is an esoteric cosmology which was taught by G. I. Gurdjieff. It is a diagram which better represents the place which Earth occupies in the Universe. The diagram has eight levels, each corresponding to Gurdjieff's Law of Octaves.
Levels
The first level is "The Absolute", followed by "All Worlds", "All Suns", "Sun", "All Planets", "Earth", "Moon", and "The Absolute":
The heaviest/last level - "The Absolute"
Earth's satellite - "The Moon"
Our planet - "Earth"
All of the planets in the solar system to which Earth belongs to - "All Planets"
The planets belong to the "Sun" or the solar system
All Worlds form a final whole called "The Absolute"
This lineage indicates and compares the construction of all of the levels, matters, and laws of the Universe, placing them in scale with one another.
Laws
It was taught that in "The Absolute" the three holy forces form a whole, and thereby there is only one law in the Absolute. The three forces of this law converge to form "All Worlds", whose level, now, being a part of the whole now has three laws. This level also having three forces, acts in creating "All Suns" in a similar process, and thereby "All Suns" has six laws. Similarly, "Sun" has 12 laws, "All Planets" 24 laws, "Earth" 48 laws, "Moon" 96 laws, and "The Absolute" 192 laws. Each level after the Absolute has a bigger number of laws which govern it. Therefore, the further the level is away from the Absolute, the more mechanical the living things in it are. By this comparison it is claimed that there are 48 laws governing the life of living beings on Earth, thereby also claiming that the life on Earth is quite mechanical. Note that "the three holy forces" above, have manifestations in the physical universe as we know it today, such as are studies by physicists, other scientists. That is, aspects of "The Ray of Creation" as taught by Gurdjieff, Ouspensky, and others, can be understood and described by modern science and scientists. Please also note that "The Absolute" mentioned here does not refer to God as it is normally understood or described by most humans.
Matter
Similarly to the difference of laws on each level, the level of matter differs in the same way. "The Absolute" has a matter density of one, "All Worlds" has a density of 3, "All Suns" 6, "Sun" 12, "All Planets" 24, "Earth" 48, "Moon" 96, "The Absolute" 192. This way everything in the universe according to this cosmology is classified as matter.
Higher bodies
Gurdjieff's classification of Higher Bodies can be better represented on this scale. Physical body has the properties of the "Earth" level. In comparison, a higher plane body would have a lighter density and it would be subject to a lesser number of laws. In the book Gnosis I, author Boris Mouravieff explains the names given to the notes of the solfege:
DOminus
SIdereus orbis
LActeus orbis
SOL
FAtum
MIxtus orbis
REgina astris
The names of the notes have historically been attributed to the hymn 'Ut queant laxis' by Paulus Diaconus, where UT is used instead of DO. Mouravieff explains UT as indicating the uterus in the birth of flesh, and SI as representing "the door of the second Birth, according to the Spirit".
Other properties
There are many other properties which can be displayed on the Ray of Creation such as: the evolution of the substances in the Universe, relationship between the cosmoses and the human body, etc. In a word, many of the properties of the laws of octaves could be displayed using the Ray of Creation. Some of the subtler properties of the law of octaves, and their effects, require that one have a knowledge of the laws of vibrations, and of involution and evolution, which knowledge today we call physics, acoustics, and music.
Ray of Creation in history
According to G. I. Gurdjieff, some of the ancient geocentric models don't represent an Earth-centered universe at all, but in reality display the Ray of Creation. This confusion was due to a lack of knowledge on the part of those examining the diagrams. Thus, the Ray of Creation is a part of ancient knowledge. It was also a part of modern knowledge, as shown by the fact that Gurdjieff learned it in Asia and the Middle-East, during the end of the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century. It became knowledge for us when he brought it to the West in the 20th century. At that time, it was noticed that fragments of this knowledge had been known from historical and ancient times.