The main function of the president is to ensure that the Chamber of Deputies functions correctly, to guarantee the application of the Chamber's rules of procedure, and oversee the proper functioning of its administrative apparatus. The President represents the Chamber externally. In the house, the president judges the admissibility of evidence, maintains order and directs the discussion. When a bill is proposed in the Chamber, the president decides which permanent committee to allocate it to for development. The task of directing sessions of the Chamber belongs to the President. To accomplish this, the President an undertake the following disciplinary actions under article 58ff. of the Chamber's regulations: calling a deputy to order, ordering a deputy to leave the chamber, and in serious cases, censuring a deputy and suspending them from the Chamber for two to fifteen days. According to article 55 of the Italian Constitution, the President of the Chamber of Deputies presides over join sessions of the Italian Parliament. The President of the Chamber of Deputies must also be consulted by the President of the Republic before the dissolution of Parliament, according to article 88 of the Constitution. It is the President of the Chamber of Deputies' job to announce call a joint session of Parliament to elect the President of the Republic, thirty days before the deadline or fifteen days after the death or dismissal of the previous President of the Republic.
Appointments
Along with the President of the Senate, the President of the Chamber of Deputies appoints the members of some important administrative authorities, the administrative council of the National Broadcasting Service, and the presiding council of the Court of Audit. These posts are appointed by the Presidents of the two houses of Parliament because the way that they are elected tends to ensure that they are impartial consensus figures chosen by both the government and at least part of the opposition.
Selection
The President of the Chamber of Deputies is elected by a secret ballot. The chamber's regulations state that the president must be elected by two-thirds of the members of the chamber in the first ballot, or if that fails by a two-thirds majority of voting members of the chamber in the second and third ballots, or if that fails by an absolute majority of voting members of the chamber. This election is presided over by one of the Vice-Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies elected in the previous legislature - whoever was elected first. If no vice-presidents of the previous legislature are present, then the role falls to the vice-residents of the legislature before that. If none of those are present, then the role falls to the oldest member of the Chamber.
Opposition Presidents
From 1976 until 1994, it became conventional for the leader of the largest opposition party to be appointed President of the Chamber of Deputies. The practice began in the context of the Historic Compromise, which saw the main opposition party support the government of Giulio Andreotti in exchange for the election of Pietro Ingrao as President of the Chamber of Deputies. Subsequently, the position was held by another communist, Nilde Iotti from 1979 until 1992. She was succeeded by another member of the party, Giorgio Napolitano, who presided over the chamber from 1992 until 1994, when he was replaced by Oscar Luigi Scalfaro of the Christian Democracy party, who held the role for only a month before he was elected President of the Republic. The parliamentary regulations of 1971, in addition to increasing the importance of parliamentary groups also gave the President of the Chamber of Deputies a high symbolic profile. This encouraged a new model of the presidency with a strong legitimate role and wide institutional recognition, which provided the theoretical justification for Ingrao's election. The President of the Chamber had to be a "man of the Constitution," separate from the parliamentary majority and politically neutral. The frequent meetings of the President of the Republic and the President of the Chamber of Deputies during the delicate transition of 1992 reflect the development of the role over the preceding two decades. However, this model was never institutionalised and declined with the creation of the majoritarian electoral law, which clashed with consociationalism. From the first government of Silvio Berlusconi onwards, it became normal for the Presidency of the Chamber of Deputies to be given to members of the governing coalition. A change is indicated by the career of Gianfranco Fini, who was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies in 2008 as part of the PdL-Lega Nord coalition, then passed into opposition after the establishment of the Future and Freedom government, and then supported the subsequent Monti Cabinet. The current President of the Chamber of Deputies, laura Boldrini, was elected from the centre-left PD-SEL coalition which had a majority in the chamber at the time, but Boldrini has continued in office although her party has been in opposition since 2014.
