Post-romanticism
Post-romanticism or Postromanticism refers to a range of cultural endeavors and attitudes emerging in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, after the period of Romanticism.Post-romanticism in literature
and Thomas Carlyle are post-Romantic writers. Flaubert's Madame Bovary is a post-Romantic novel. The period of post-romanticism in poetry is defined as the late nineteenth century, but includes the poetry of Letitia Elizabeth Landon and Tennyson.Post-romanticism in music
Post-romanticism in music refers to late romantic composers who used forms that were found typically in the Classical and Baroque eras while still retaining aspects of the Romantic era. Among the best-known post-romantic composers are Giacomo Puccini and Sergei Rachmaninoff. Some other composers like Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler were transitional composers who wrote classical symphonies, operas, and songs in a post-romantic style that constituted a blend of late romantic and early modernist musical languages. Arthur Berger described the mysticism of La Jeune France as post-Romanticism rather than neo-Romanticism. Hans Pfitzner also wrote post-Romantic works such as his opera Palestrina.
Post-romantic composers created music that used traditional forms combined with advanced harmony. Béla Bartók, for example, "in such Strauss-influenced works as Duke Bluebeard's Castle," may be described as having still used "dissonance in traditional forms of music for purposes of post-romantic expression, not simply always as an appeal to the primal art of sound".
