Patriarch's Ponds is an affluent residential area in downtown Presnensky District of Moscow, Russia. For the last 200 years, there has been only one pond, although, as the name of Tryokhprudny Pereulok suggests, there used to be more. The area of the existing pond is ; the depth is about two meters. The Ponds area is accessible via the Moscow MetroMayakovskaya and Pushkinskaya stations.
History
Origin
The area is named after the seventeenth century Patriarch's Goat Sloboda located on the Goat Marsh. This marsh was once connected by a brook to the Presnya River west; by 1739, when the first topographic map was compiled, the brook disappeared and the marsh separated from Presnya. People considered the swamp as an anomalous zone; apparently this caused a proverb "Фома поспешил, да людей насмешил – увяз на Патриарших".
19th century
The pond acquired its present shape and was cleaned up in 1830–31, a part of a plan to rebuild Moscowafter the Fire of 1812. The buildings around the pond were wooden; stone construction proceeded slowly through the second part of nineteenth century. In winters, the Russian Gymnastic Society operated a skating rink on the frozen pond. At the turn of the century, cheap rental buildings around the pond were occupied by the University students. During the December 1905, the area was held by left-wing student militia and became a war zone. The Ponds also housed Moscow's first hospital for children.
Soviet history
After the revolution the spacious apartments in buildings occupied by wealthy merchants were converted to communal apartments with shared kitchens. Mikhail Bulgakov and his wife Yelena Shilovskaya lived in this area in the 1930s. From the later 1930s to the 1950s, the lowrise buildings were torn down. The two most important Soviet-era buildings constructed were :Image:Moscow lions house main.jpg|The House of Lions, a luxurious residence for Red Army Marshals and the 1935 :Image:Luxury penthouse patriarch.jpg|Aviazhilstroy Apartments, a yellow postconstructivist high-rise by Vladimir Vladimirov. The boathouse on the ponds was built in wood in 1946. It was not until the 1980s that it was rebuilt in stone.
Modern history
In 2000–2002, the controversial Patriarch Apartments were built ; this 13-story building, crowned with a 1/50 scale model of Tatlin's Tower is also known as Alla Pugacheva's home. As of 2016 the neighborhood had become gentrified. Owners of the communal apartments had been bought out and the apartments reconverted into luxury residences. Fashionable shops, restaurants and bars serve crowds. The area is so popular that the upscale residents of the neighborhood complain.
Bulgakov legacy
The Pond is one of the main settings of Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita. Monuments to Bulgakov and to Ivan Krylov have been erected near the pond. The Master and Margarita begins with a tram accident by the pond. Although there was never any regular tram service or permanent tram tracks around the pond, for a short time in 1930s, there was a temporary service track used for night storage.
