The introduction of the padmasana shrine as an altar to the Supreme God was attributed to Dang Hyang Nirartha, the priest of the Gelgel King Batu-Renggong. Dang Hyang Nirartha is a Javanese Brahman, a poet, an architect, and a religious teacher. He arrived in Bali in 1537 at the time when Islam was spreading from the west through Java. Among his reforms in Bali was the introduction of the padmasana shrine, an altar to the Supreme God.
A padmasana has an empty throne on top, the seat of Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. The front of the throne is usually decorated with the image of the Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. A swan or eagle frequently decorates the back of the shrine, the swan being Brahma vehicle, the eagle is for Vishnu. Like many religious construction in Indonesia, the shrine padmasana is divided into three sections, from the base to the top, the bhur, bhuwah, and swah. The base of a padmasana, the bhur loka, is usually decorated with a figure of the Bedawang Nala - the world-supporting turtle, and the two snakes, Anantaboga, and Basuki - as a symbol of man's earthly needs. The center part of a padmasana, the buwah loka, usually contains decoration of man's daily activities. Near the throne, below the top, are usually decorated with various manifestations of celestial figures. A padmasana is normally positioned in the most sacred location in a temple compound, the kaja-kangin corner. It is often placed at an angle so that the open chair faces the kelod-kauh.
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Pura Penataran Agung, a large temple complex dedicated to Shiva located in the Pura Besakih, contains a triple padmasana. These three padmasanas are arranged side by side, and is known together as the Padma Tiga. The Padma Tiga is located in the innermost sanctum of the temple dedicated to Shiva. Although it is often said that the three shrines are dedicated for Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, actually all three are dedicated for aspects of Shiva. The red-clothed shrine on the right is dedicated Sadhashiva, the black-clothed shrine on the left is for Shiva, and the white-clothed middle shrine is dedicated to Paramashiva. The enormous and elaborate padmasana of Pura Jagatnatha in Denpasar is located directly in the center of the temple. Other Balinese temples featuring a notable padmasana are Pura Kehen in Bangli, Pura Taman Saraswati in Ubud, and Pura Taman Ayun in Mengwi.
