According to local tradition the cathedral was built by the first Bishop of Osimo, Saint Leopardus, in the 5th century, on an earlier pagan structure of the Roman period. Another, unverified, tradition asserts that the building was re-constructed in the 7th century by the then bishop, Saint Vitalian: there are no structural remains of that period, but there is a stone tablet dedicated to Saint Vitalian built into the crypt wall. It was Bishop Gentile who built the present presbytery and the crypt beneath. At the end of the 13th century Bishop Giovanni modified the structure of the Romanesque church by introducing Gothic elements. In 1393 the building was partially destroyed in a fire. Numerous re-buildings and extensions took place in the succeeding centuries, of which the most important were: the internal vaulting ; the staircase to the tribune ; the new pavement and the side altars, as also the plastering of all the internal walls. With the second half of the 19th century began what was referred to as "restoring the church", which in reality was tinkering with, if not simply destroying, the work of the preceding centuries. Thus the internal ramp which gave access to the tribune was removed, as were the two side ramps leading to the crypt ; two new side chapels were built, but the side altars were removed, as were the medallions bearing the portraits of the bishops of the diocese which had decorated the internal walls. In 1956 all the plastering was stripped.
Description
In the crypt are kept the relics of the martyrs of Osimo, Saints Sisinio, Fiorenzo, Diocleziano and Massimo, and the tombs of Saint Leopardus, first bishop of Osimo, Saint Vitalian, Saint Benvenuto and Saints :it:Vittore e Corona|Victor and Corona. Near the cathedral is the baptistry of the early 17th century with a magnificent baptismal font, the work of Pier Paolo and Tarquinio Jacometti of Recanati, with a coffered ceiling by Antonio Sarti of Jesi. Of particular importance for the local history and faith is the wooden crucifix displayed in the cathedral, originating from the time of Bishop Gentile. It is said that on 2 July 1797 many witnesses saw the eyes of the crucified Christ move, and for that reason 2 July has since been a solemn feast.
