Online encyclopedia
An online encyclopedia, also called a digital encyclopedia, is an encyclopedia accessible through the internet. The idea to build a free encyclopedia using the Internet can be traced at least to the 1994 Interpedia proposal; it was planned as an encyclopedia on the Internet to which everyone could contribute materials. The project never left the planning stage and was overtaken by a key branch of old printed encyclopedias.
Digitization of old content
Wikisource
There are a lot of old encyclopedias and dictionaries of national biographies on Wikisource both in English and other languages. The completion of these encyclopedias vary and the quality of the content varies from proofread, to poor quality text with many optical character recognition errors.Name | Original publication | Language | Completion | Link | Notes |
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie | de | ||||
The Encyclopedia Americana | 1906 | en | |||
The Encyclopedia Americana | 1920 | en | |||
The Cyclopædia of American Biography | 1918 | en | |||
New American Cyclopædia | 1897 | en | |||
Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography | 1900 | en | |||
Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition | 1875–1889 | en | |||
Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition | 1911 | en | |||
Encyclopædia Britannica Twelfth Edition | 1922 | en | |||
Catholic Encyclopedia | 1913 | en | 100% | Also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia; The first volume appeared in March 1907 and it was completed in April 1914 | |
Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century | 1911 | en | |||
Collier's Encyclopedia | en | ||||
Complete Encyclopaedia of Music | 1880 | en | |||
Neue Deutsche Biographie | de | ||||
Diccionario Geográfico de la República de Chile | es | ||||
Easton's Bible Dictionary | en | ||||
Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle | fr | ||||
Grove's A Dictionary of Music and Musicians | 1879–1889 | en | Known in its 21st century edition as Grove Music Online | ||
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities | 1890 | en | |||
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology | 1870 | en | |||
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography | 1854 | en | |||
Dictionary of Indian Biography | 1906 | en | |||
The Indian Biographical Dictionary | en | ||||
New International Encyclopedia | en | ||||
Jewish Encyclopedia | 1905 | en | |||
Dictionary of National Biography | 1885–1900 | en | |||
Dictionary of National Biography | 1901 | en | |||
Dictionary of National Biography | 1912 | en | |||
The Nuttall Encyclopædia | 1907 | en | 100% |
Others
Many encyclopedias are available at the Internet Archive website. Although the original text is viewable the machine readable text is often poor with many OCR errors.In January 1995, Project Gutenberg started to publish the ASCII text of
the Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition, but disagreement about the method halted the work after the first volume. For trademark reasons this has been published as the Gutenberg Encyclopedia. Project Gutenberg later restarted work on digitising and proofreading this encyclopedia. Project Gutenberg has published volumes in alphabetic order the most recent publication is Volume 17 Slice 8: Matter–Mecklenburg published on 7 April 2013. The latest Britannica was digitized by its publishers, and sold first as a CD-ROM, and later as an online service.
In 2001, ASCII text of all 28 volumes was published on Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition by source; a copyright claim was added to the materials included. The website no longer exists.
Other digitization projects have made progress in other titles. One example is Easton's Bible Dictionary digitized by the Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
A successful digitization of an encyclopedia was the Bartleby Project's online adaptation of the Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, in early 2000 and is updated periodically.
There are other websites that provide online encyclopedias, some of which are also available on Wikisource, but which may be more complete than those on Wikisource, or may be different editions.
Creation of new content
Another related branch of activity is the creation of new, free contents on a volunteer basis. In 1991, the participants of the Usenet newsgroup alt.fan.douglas-adams started a project to produce a real version of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a fictional encyclopedia used in the works of Douglas Adams. It became known as Project Galactic Guide. Although it originally aimed to contain only real, factual articles, the policy was changed to allow and encourage semi-real and unreal articles as well. Project Galactic Guide contains over 1700 articles, but no new articles have been added since 2000; this is probably partly due to the founding of h2g2, a more official project along similar lines.Another early online encyclopedia was called the Global Encyclopedia. In November 1995 a review of it was presented by James Rettig College of William and Mary at the 15th Annual Charleston Conference on library acquisitions and related issues. He said of the Global Encyclopedia:
He then gives several examples of article entries such as Iowa City: