Oberlin Academy Preparatory School, also known as Oberlin Academy but originally Oberlin Institute and then Preparatory Department of Oberlin College, was a private preparatory school in Oberlin, Ohio which operated from 1833 until 1916. It opened as Oberlin Collegiate Institute which became Oberlin College in 1850. The secondary school serving local and boarding students continued as a department of the college. The school and college admitted African Americans and women. This was very unusual and controversial. It was located on the Oberlin College campus for much of its history and many of its students continued on to study at Oberlin College.
History
Oberlin Institute, a private secondary school, was established in 1832 or 1833, 27 years before Oberlin High School. Public high schools were uncommon at the time, and as a result, many colleges found that their incoming students were poorly prepared for their academic studies. This led some colleges to establish their own high schools, organized as preparatory departments of the college. Oberlin Institute faced opposition from Democrats in Ohio who opposed its admittance of African Americans. Nevertheless, in 1850 the school was granted a charter and became Oberlin College. The undergraduate education program continued afterwards as a preparatory school sometimes referred to as "prep". The Preparatory Department was the only primary education in Oberlin until the community organized a school district and eventually launched public schools. The Preparatory Department had an enrollment of 690 students in 1890. Sarah Watson, the first African American woman to attend Oberlin, enrolled in the Preparatory Department in 1842. Between 1833 and 1865, at least 140 black women studied at Oberlin, most of them in the Preparatory Department. In 1887, the school moved into French Hall and part of Society Hall. From 1892 the secondary school was called Oberlin Academy. The school's mission was to prepare students for college. Edward Henry Fairchild was the school's principal from 1853 until 1869. An abolitionist, he went on to become president of Berea College, a coeducational and integrated institution in Kentucky. John Fisher Peck also served as the school's principal. His daughter, Emily Peck, tutored Latin and Greek at the preparatory department and was an artist who depicted fellow Oberlin alums in sculpture. Booker T. Washington, who had close ties to Oberlin College and hired teachers from the school at Tuskegee Institute, sent his son Ernst went to Oberlin Academy in 1904 and 1905. In January 1910, the Oberlin Alumni Magazine published an entry on the school, its significance, and the need for continued support of it. In 1912 a new building opened for the academy and the Oberlin Academy Alumni Association was organized. The school was removed from campus from 1912 to 1916 and occupied the Johnson mansion on South Professor Street in Oberlin. The Johnson House is now the Hebrew Heritage House, a College residence for Jewish students. By 1905, the school's enrollment was declining. One of the factors for the decline was that public high schools were becoming widely available by that time. In 1915, the College announced that it would close the Preparatory Academy. In that same year, the Academy was listed in A Handbook of the Best Private Schools of the United States and Canada, which stated:
