In February 1667, Suriname became a Dutch colony after the signing of the Treaty of Breda between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom which ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War. In exchange for sugar-rich Guiana, the Netherlands surrendered New Netherland to the British. Immediately, the Dutch West India Company became partial owner of the colony and began importing slaves from West Africa to work on the sugar, cotton, coffee and indigo plantations in the colony. Dutch Guiana became the most important colony in the Americas for the Netherlands after the loss of Dutch Brazil in 1654. In the 1700s, many African slaves known as Maroons began escaping to the south of the colony and creating their own tribes and began a small uprising against Dutch rule. In 1762, the Maroons won their freedom and signed a treaty with the Dutch Crown to acknowledge their territorial rights and trading privileges. From 1799-1816, Dutch Guiana became a British colony after the Netherlands became part of the First French Empire under Napoléon Bonaparte. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Netherlands regained its independence and Dutch Guiana was returned to the Dutch. In 1863, the Dutch ended the slave trade and in need of new labor, began importing Javanese people from the Dutch East Indies and from India and China to work in Dutch Guiana as indentured laborers. At the same time, several thousand poor Dutch farmers left the Netherlands to work in the colony. By the early 20th century, production in Dutch Guiana moved to rubber, gold and bauxite, the latter becoming the biggest export of the colony.
Independence
During World War II, Dutch Guiana was host to U.S soldiers after the Netherlands was invaded by Germany in 1940 and the Royal family fled to exile in Canada. In 1942, Prince Bernhard, husband of Dutch Crown Princess Juliana visited the colony. In 1943, Crown Princess Juliana paid a visit to Dutch Guiana. Several primarily white Dutch Guianans fought for the Liberation of the Netherlands during the war. Dutch Guiana became an important provider of bauxite for the war. At the end of World War II, the Netherlands began providing more autonomy to Dutch Guiana. The Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands came into effect in December 1954, granting Dutch Guiana full autonomy within the nation, except in areas of defence, foreign policy, and nationality. After the independence of the Dutch colony of Indonesia, the Netherlands searched for ways to grant independence for its colonies in the Americas, as maintaining the colonies was too costly. In 1973, Dutch Prime MinisterJoop den Uyl declared that its last remaining Dutch colonies would become independent during his administration. Only Dutch Guiana seemed motivated for independence, however, obtaining it independence on 25 November 1975, and changing its name to "Suriname". Crown Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands and Prime Minister Uyl were in attendance at the independence ceremony in Paramaribo.
Post Independence
Soon after Suriname obtained its independence, most Europeans returned to the Netherlands. Around 300,000 Surinamese also decided to move to Europe and take Dutch citizenship. In February 1980 Dési Bouterse, head of the Surinamese military, staged a violent coup d'état against Prime Minister Henck Arron and Bouterse became de facto military leader of the nation. In December 1982, 15 prominent young men, most of them journalists and lawyers, criticized the military dictatorship of Bouterse. These 15 men were rounded up and taken to Fort Zeelandia where they were tortured and killed. The incident became known as the "December murders". As a result of the murders, the Netherlands froze all development aid to Suriname. From 1986-1992, Suriname was embattled in a civil war known as the Surinamese Interior War against mainly Maroon fighters. In 1986, the Netherlands planned an invasion of Suriname to remove Bouterse from power, however, it was called off at the last minute. In 1999, Bouterse was convicted in absentia by a court in the Netherlands to 11 years imprisonment for drug trafficking. In 2007, Bouterse was charged with for the December murders. In 2010, Bouterse became President of Suriname and therefore immune to prosecution. Since his return to power, the Netherlands has had limited contact with the Surinamese government and has stated that Bouterse is not welcome in the Netherlands. In 2013, the Netherlands called for the arrest of Bouterse in South Africa where he was attending the funeral of Nelson Mandela. After the 2020 election of Chan Santokhi as President, there was a request from both Suriname and the Netherlands to restore the relation, and reappoint ambassadors. Santokhi stressed that the current financial crisis will lead to a re-evaluation of the existing diplomatic missions.
In 2016, trade between the Netherlands and Suriname totaled 174 million Euros. Dutch exports to Suriname include: chemical based products, machinery, electrical and transport equipment. Surinamese exports to the Netherlands include: live animals and food, raw materials and beverages. The Netherlands ranks second among countries from which Suriname imports goods and services, after the United States.
