Namazga-Tepe
Namazga-Tepe or Namazga-depe, is a Bronze Age archaeological site in Turkmenistan, some 100 km from Aşgabat, near the border to Iran. Excavated by Vadim Mikhailovich Masson, Viktor Sarianidi, and I. N. Khlopin from the 1950s, the site set the chronology for the Bronze Age sites in Turkmenistan.
Namazga culture was preceded in the area by Jeitun culture.
Chronology
It is believed that Anau culture of Turkmenia considerably precedes the Namazga culture in the area. Namazga I period, is considered contemporary with Anau IB2 period.Namazga III as a village settlement in Late Chalcolithic phase, and Namazga IV as a proto-urban site, both belong to the Late Regionalization Era.
Namazga V, is in the Integration Era or the period of "urban revolution" following the Anatolian model with little or no irrigation. Namazga-Tepe emerges as the production and probable governmental center, covering some 60 hectares, with Altyndepe likely a secondary capital. Around 1600 BC, Altyndepe is abandoned, and Namazga-Tepe shrinks to a fraction of its former size.
Namazga VI in the Late Bronze Age, as part of the Localization Era is characterized by the incursion of nomadic pastoralists from the Alekseyevka culture and/or Srubna culture.
There have also been detailed painted potteries located at this site.
The following table clarifies the chronology of Namazga culture.
| Period | Dates |
| Neolithic of Jeitun type | 6200–5000 BCE |
| Proto-Chalcolithic | 5200–4800 BCE |
| Early-Chalcolithic | 4800–4000 BCE |
| Middle-Chalcolithic | 4000–3500 BCE |
| Late-Chalcolithic | 3500–3000 BCE |
| Early Bronze | 3000–2500 BCE |
| Middle Bronze | 2500–2200 BCE |
| Late Bronze | 2200–1500 BCE |
| Late Bronze | 2200–1800 BCE |
| Late Bronze | 1800–1500 BCE |
| Early Iron | 1500–1100 BCE |
| Archaic Dehistan | 1300–500 BCE |
| Pre-Achaemenid and Achaemenid | 1100–329 BCE |