Morne Trois Pitons National Park is a World Heritage Site located in Dominica. This area was established as a national park by the Dominican government in July 1975, the first to be legally established in the country. The National Park is named after its highest mountain, Morne Trois Pitons, meaning mountain of three peaks. The park is a significant area of volcanic activity. Features within the park include the Valley of Desolation, a region of boiling mud ponds and small geysers; the Boiling Lake, Titou Gorge, and Emerald Pool. The mountain is the second highest peak in Dominica, only being exceeded by Morne Diablotins.
The park
The park was established in 1975 and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Its area is about and it is dominated by the Morne Trois Pitons volcanoes from which it gets its name. The three major types of geological formations found in the park are volcanic cones, glacis slopes and soufrières. The landscape consists of steep-sided volcanic hills separated by deep canyons. All the major waterways of the southern half of the island emanate from here, and there are spectacular waterfalls, creeks, rivers, pools and natural lakes. Ongoing volcanic activity is demonstrated by the fumaroles and hot springs, geysers, mud pools and streams of various colours. The Boiling Lake is a water-filled fumarole with a temperature of near the edge and a hotter centre, where boiling water churns up from the depths. The park is managed by the Division of Forestry, Wildlife and National Parks, under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. The steep and rugged terrain have discouraged development and there are no human settlements within the park. However there is a small quarry and some limited farming in the southern portion; the government's electric utility company has certain rights, but these are being used in a responsible manner for hydropower and the extraction of geothermal energy. There is some risk to wildlife from the incursion of feral cats, pigs and rats and there is a risk from invasive alien species. The island is occasionally devastated by hurricanes, with serious damage being done to the park in 1979 and 1980. A proposal to encourage tourism by the construction of a cable car overhead was defeated, but a fine balance needs to be struck between human aspirations and the maintenance of biodiversity and the unique landscape.
Flora
Most of the area of the park retains its natural habitat and there are a number of different vegetation zones, tropical rainforest, secondary forest, deciduous forest, montane rainforest and dwarf forest. The large trees in the rainforest tower up to and have large buttress roots. The dominant tree is Amanoa caribaea, but Sloanea dengata, Sloanea caribaea and Sloanea berteroana are also plentiful; Symphonia globulifera and Cecropia peltata have both massive buttresses and prop roots. The trees are interspersed with tree ferns and are swathed in epiphytes including orchids and bromeliads. At higher altitudes, the trees become smaller and there are mountain palms, ferns and hibiscus, while near the summits there is dwarf forest with low, branching shrubs, mosses and lichens. In the Valley of Desolation, the sulphurous gases limits the vegetation and there are Clusia mangle, grasses and bromeliads.
