Mongolian calendar


The traditional Mongol calendar is a lunisolar calendar based on Tegus Buyantu zurkhai system developed in 1747 by monk Ishbaljir. The Mongol year is composed of either 12 or 13 lunar months, each beginning and ending with a new moon. A thirteenth month is added every two or three years, so that an average year is equal to the solar year.
The Mongol new year celebration is Tsagaan Sar which is celebrated two months after the first new moon following the winter solstice.
In modern Mongolia, the Gregorian calendar is used, with the traditional calendar only used for traditional celebrations and events based on it.
The European system of chronology is called Аргын тоолол and the Mongol system of chronology is called Билгийн тоолол.

Argyn Toolol

Months

The twelve months of the year are referred to by their number, such as first month, second month, and so on.
NumberEnglish nameMongolian namePronunciation
1JanuaryНэгдүгээр сарNegdügeer sar
2FebruaryХоёрдугаар сарHoyordugaar sar
3MarchГуравдугаар сарGuravdugaar sar
4AprilДөрөвдүгээр сарDörövdugeer sar
5MayТавдугаар сарTavdugaar sar
6JuneЗургадугаар сарZurgadugaar sar
7JulyДолоодугаар сарDoloodugaar sar
8AugustНаймдугаар сарNaimdugaar sar
9SeptemberЕсдүгээр сарYösdügeer sar
10OctoberАравдугаар сарAravdugaar sar
11NovemberАрван нэгдүгээр сарArvan negdügeer sar
12DecemberАрван хоёрдугаар сарArvan hoyordugaar sar

Days of the week

In colloquial usage, the first 5 days of the week are referred to as first day, second day, etc. Saturday is referred to as Hagas sain ödör, and Sunday is referred to as Büten sain ödör, a result of 5 full working days and Saturday as a half working day during the communist era.
The names of Tibetan origin are used in more formal settings, and almost exclusively in written documents, while the Sanskrit names are practically absent in modern usage.
NumberColloquialPronunciationTibetan originPronunciationSanskrit originPronunciation
1Нэг дахь өдөрNeg dakhi ödörДаваа гарагDavaaСумъяаSumiyaa
2Хоёр дахь өдөрHoyor dakhi ödörМягмар гарагMyagmar garigАнгарагAngarag
3Гурав дахь өдөрGurav dakhi ödörЛхагва гарагLkhagva garigБудBud
4Дөрөв дэх өдөрDöröv dakhi ödörПүрэв гарагPürev garigБархасбадьBarkhasbadi
5Тав дахь өдөрTav dakhi ödörБаасан гарагBaasan garigСугарSughar
6Хагас сайн өдөрKhagas sain ödörБямба гарагByamba garigСанчирSanchir
7Бүтэн сайн өдөрBüten sain ödörНям гарагNyam garigАдъяаAdiya

Footnotes