Michel Jouvet


Michel Valentin Marcel Jouvet was a French neuroscientist and medical researcher.

Career

Jouvet was a Professor of Experimental Medicine at the University of Lyon. He was the Director of the Research Unit INSERM U 52 and of the Associated Unit UA 1195 of the CNRS. He spent one year in the laboratory of Horace Magoun in Long Beach, California in 1955. After that, he undertook research in Experimental Neurophysiology on the Faculty of Medicine of Lyon and of Clinical Neurophysiology in the Neurological Hospital of Lyon.
He described the electroencephalogram signs of cerebral death in 1959, and in 1961 categorized sleep into two different states: telencephalic sleep and rhombencephalic sleep. He mapped the areas of the brain that are responsible for REM.
His review "Paradoxical sleep mechanisms" was published in the journal Sleep in 1994. In The Paradox of Sleep Jouvet proposed the speculative theory that the purpose of dreaming is a kind of iterative neurological programming that works to preserve an individual's psychological heredity, the basis of personality. He also wrote a novel, The Castle of Dreams.
His works, and those of his team, have brought about the discovery of paradoxical sleep and to its individualisation as the third state of functioning of the brain, to the discovery of its phylogenesis, of its ontogenesis and its main mechanisms. Jouvet was the researcher who first developed the analeptic drug Modafinil.
In 1959, Jouvet conducted several experiments on cats regarding muscle atonia during REM sleep. Jouvet demonstrated that the generation of REM sleep depends on an intact pontine tegmentum and that REM atonia is due to an inhibition of motor centres in the medulla oblongata. Cats with lesions around the locus coeruleus have less restricted muscle movement during REM sleep, and show a variety of complex behaviours including motor patterns suggesting that they are dreaming of attack, defence and exploration. Jouvet's research led to the identification of REM sleep behavior disorder.

Honors and awards

He was elected in 1977 to the French Academy of Sciences and received the Intra-Sciences Prize in the United States in 1981 and the Prize of the Foundation for the Medical Research in 1983. In 1991 he was awarded the prestigious Prix mondial Cino Del Duca.
The Sleep Research Society presented him with its Distinguished Scientist Award in 1990. In June 2003, Jouvet was recognized at the 17th annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies.

Death

Jouvet died at age 91.