List of subsea tunnels in Norway


's geography is dominated by fjords and islands. As of 2011, the country has thirty-three undersea tunnels, most of which are fixed links. Tunnels are chosen to replace ferries to allow residents of islands and remote peninsulas access to regional centers, where water-crossings are too long for bridges. The Bømlafjord Tunnel is the country's longest, at, although it is scheduled to be surpassed by the Karmøy Tunnel from 2013.
The Eiksund Tunnel is the world's deepest, reaching below mean sea level. In 1982, the Vardø Tunnel was the first underwater tunnel to open. Most of the tunnels are built as fixed links, allowing ferry services to be abandoned. In 2010, the first three tunnel in cities, the Bjørvika Tunnel, the Skansen Tunnel and the Knappe Tunnel, were opened, all of which were built as motorways to bypass the city center. Suspended tunnels have been proposed, which could be installed in places too deep for conventional tunnels, such as the Sognefjord.

Current

The following lists all subsea tunnels in use as of 2011. It includes the name, length in meters and feet, depth below mean sea level in meters and feet, the year the tunnel was taken into use with ordinary traffic, the road the tunnel carries, the county or counties the tunnel is in, and the municipalities, including any the tunnel passes through. Roads starting with E indicates a European route, while FV indicates a county road without signposted road number; only numbers indicates roadside-numbered county roads which are former national roads.
NameLength
Length
Depth
Depth
OpenedRoadProjectFixed link forCountyMunicipalityRef
Karmøy2013T-Link—RogalandKarmøy, Tysvær--
Bømlafjord2000Triangle LinkBømlo, StordHordalandStord, Sveio--
Eiksund2008653Eiksund Fixed LinkHareidlandetMøre og RomsdalUlstein, Volda, Ørsta--
Oslofjord2000——Akershus, BuskerudFrogn, Hurum--
North Cape1999—MagerøyaFinnmarkNordkapp--
Byfjord1992Rennesøy Fixed LinkMosterøy, SoknRogalandRandaberg, Rennesøy--
Atlantic Ocean2009—GjemnesMøre og RomsdalAverøy, Kristiansund--
Finnøy2009519Finnøy Fixed LinkFinnøy, TalgjeRogalandFinnøy, Rennesøy--
Hitra1994714Hitra–Frøya Fixed LinkHitraSør-TrøndelagHitra, Snillfjord--
Knappe*2010557Ring Road West—HordalandBergen--
Frøya2000714Hitra–Frøya Fixed LinkFrøyaSør-TrøndelagFrøya, Hitra--
Freifjord1992Kristiansund Fixed LinkKristiansundMøre og RomsdalGjemnes, Kristiansund--
Mastrafjord1992Rennesøy Fixed LinkRennesøyRogalandRennesøy--
Valderøy1992658Vigra Fixed LinkValderøy, VigraMøre og RomsdalGiske, Ålesund--
Halsnøy2008544—HalsnøyHordalandKvinnherad--
Godøy1989658Vigra Fixed LinkGodøyMøre og RomsdalGiske--
Hvaler1989108—HvalerHvaler--
Ellingsøy1987658Vigra Fixed LinkEllingsøyMøre og RomsdalGiske--
Tromsøysund*1994—TromsøyaTromsTromsø--
Ibestad2000848—IbestadTromsIbestad--
Sløverfjord1997Lofoten Fixed LinkLofotenNordlandHadsel--
Vardø1983—VardøyaFinnmarkVardø--
Fannefjord1991Skåla Fixed LinkSkålahalvøyaMøre og RomsdalMolde--
Rya2011858—MalangshalvøyaTromsTromsø--
Flekkerøy1989457—FlekkerøyVest-AgderKristiansand--
Melkøysund2003Private—MelkøyaFinnmarkHammerfest--
Maursund1991866—KågenTromsNordreisa, Skjervøy--
Bjorøy1996FV 207—BjorøyHordalandBergen, Fjell--
Skatestraum2002616Bremanger Fixed LinkBremangerlandetSogn og FjordaneBremanger--
Kvalsund1988863—RinvassøyaTromsTromsø--
Bjørvika*2010Oslo Package 1—OsloOslo--
Skansen2010706Nordre avlastningsvei—Sør-TrøndelagTrondheim--

Under construction

The following tunnels are under construction, but are not yet completed or taken into use.
NameLength
Length
Depth
Depth
OpeningRoadProjectFixed link forCountyMunicipalityRef
Solbakk*2018Ryfylke Fixed LinkRyfylkeRogalandStavanger, Strand--
Hundvåg*2018Ryfylke Fixed LinkHundvåg, RyfylkeRogalandStavanger-
Bjarkøy867Bjarkøy Fixed LinkBjarkøyaTromsHarstad--

Proposed

The following includes tunnels which have been proposed and which are either being planned by the Norwegian Public Road Administration, or are in National Transport Plan 2010–2019. Project which have been abandoned or have not been subject to public investigations are not included. Several of the most trafficked ferry sections are not currently proposed, as the fjords are too deep to have a tunnel with current technology. As of 2011, there are 160 ferry crossings in the country, the majority of which could potentially be replaced by fixed links. For the authorities, decision for new tunnels depends on the length, possibility to build a bridge, depth of the sound or fjord and population in the affected areas. While the first tunnels were mostly part of fixed links to connect island and sealocked communities to the mainland, focus has recently shifted more towards replacing ferries on main roads connecting regions, in particular European Route E39, which runs along the West Coast. The largest proposal is for E39 Rogfast, which would replace four ferry services, and would become the world's longest road tunnel and the world's deepest tunnel.
NameLength
Length
Depth
Depth
RoadProjectFixed link forCountyMunicipalityRef
Rogfast*Rogaland Fixed LinkKvitsøy, HaugalandRogalandBokn, Kvitsøy, Randaberg--
Langfjord—Romsdal, SekkenMøre og RomsdalMolde, Rauma-
Sotra*555—Sotra, ØygardenHordalandBergen, Sund-
Tautra*Møre Fixed LinkOtrøyaMøre og RomsdalMidsund, Vestnes-
Storfjord————60—Sykkylven, StrandaMøre og Romsdal, Sykkylven
Trondheimsfjord15—36 km—540—715—FosenSør-TrøndelagLeksvik, Trondheim
Trondheimsfjord6—16 km—400—710/718Road/ElectricityFosenSør-TrøndelagAgdenes/Rissa
Moss–Horten82——Vestfold, Horten, Moss--