List of political parties in Germany


This is a list of political parties in Germany.
The Federal Republic of Germany has a plural multi-party system. The largest by members and parliament seats are the Christian Democratic Union, with its sister party, the Christian Social Union and Social Democratic Party of Germany.
Germany also has a number of other parties, in recent history most importantly the Free Democratic Party, Alliance 90/The Greens, The Left, and more recently the Alternative for Germany, founded in 2013. The federal government of Germany often consisted of a coalition of a major and a minor party, specifically CDU/CSU and FDP or SPD and FDP, and from 1998 to 2005 SPD and Greens. From 1966 to 1969, from 2005 to 2009 and again since 2013, the federal government consisted of a coalition of the two major parties, called Grand Coalition.
Coalitions in the Bundestag and state legislators are often described by party colors. Party colors are red for the Social Democratic Party, green for Alliance 90/The Greens, yellow for the Free Democratic Party, purple for the Left, light blue for the AfD, and black and blue for the CDU and CSU respectively.

The parties

Parties represented in the [Bundestag] and/or the [European Parliament]

One German MEP is independent, member of the GUE-NGL-group in the European Parliament and was elected as a candidate of the Human Environment Animal Protection-party ''.

Parties represented in state parliaments">Landtag">state parliaments

Minor parties

Historical parties

Parties existing up to World War I

Parties in [Weimar Republic]

Bloc parties">Bloc party (politics)#East Germany">Bloc parties in the socialist state (1949–1989)