List of political parties in Colombia
This article lists political parties in Colombia.
Colombia had historically maintained a two-party system, which means that there were two dominant political parties, resulting in considerable difficulty for anybody to achieve major electoral success under the banner of any other party. Dissidents from the two main parties also had chances to win elections. Nowadays it is a multi-party system, with every party that gets more than 3% of the valid votes for each of the two chambers in the congress getting legal recognition.
Parties with legal recognition
In the Parliamentary election of 2018, the following parties got the minimum required number of votes for legal recognition.| Name | Year of foundation | Ideology | Political spectre | Relation with the 2018-2022 government | Seats in the Senate | Seats in the House | President or director | International affiliation |
| Democratic Center | | 2013 | -Right-wing populism -National conservatism -Economic liberalism -Anti-communism | Right-wing | Coalition | 19 | 32 | Álvaro Uribe Vélez | International Democrat Union |
| Colombian Liberal Party| | 1848 | -Liberalism -Social democracy -Social liberalism | Center-left | Independent | 14 | 35 | César Gaviria | Socialist international |
| Radical Change| | 1998 | -Economic liberalism -Conservative liberalism -Classic liberalism | Center-right to Right-wing | Independent | 16 | 30 | Rodrigo Lara Restrepo | - |
| Social Party of National Unity| | 2005 | -Conservative liberalism -Catch-all | Center-right | Coalition | 14 | 25 | Roy Barreras | Liberal International |
| Colombian Conservative Party| | 1849 | -Conservatism -Economic liberalism -Social conservatism -Christian democracy | Right-wing | Coalition | 14 | 20 | Hernán Andrade | Centrist Democrat International, International Democrat Union |
| Green Alliance | | 2009 | -Social democracy -Progressivism -Civic virtue -Ecologism -Social market economy | Centre to Centre-left | Opposition | 9 | 10 | Claudia López Hernández | Global Greens |
| Alternative Democratic Pole| | 2005 | -Protectionism -Anticapitalism -Social democracy -Welfare state -Democratic socialism | Center-left to Left-wing | Opposition | 5 | 2 | Jorge Enrique Robledo Iván Cepeda | Socialist International, Foro de São Paulo |
| 2017 | -Agrarianism -Social democracy -Humanism -Progressivism -Indigenismo -Democratic Socialism | Center-left to Left-wing | Opposition | 4 | 3 | Gustavo Petro Aída Avella | - | |
| 2017 | -Confessionalism -Christian right -Social conservatism | Right-wing to Far-right | Coalition | 3 | 1 | John Milton Rodríguez | - | |
| Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation| | 2000 | -Economic liberalism -Conservative liberalism -Christian right -Social conservatism | Center-right to Right-wing | Coalition | 3 | 1 | Carlos Eduardo Guevara Villabón | Asociación Miraísmo Internacional |
| Citizen Option| | 2009 | -Economic liberalism -Social conservatism -Liberal conservatism -Right-wing populism | Right-wing to Far-right | Coalition | 0 | 2 | - |
Parties of ethnic minorities
The following parties obtained representation in the congress despite not surpassing the required percentage, thanks to being in representation of ethnic minorities.| Name | Year | Ideology | Political Spectre | Number of seats |
| Movimiento Alternativo Indígena y Social | 2013 | Indigenismo Ecologism | Center-left | 2 in senate, 2 in the House |
| Indigenous Social Alliance Movement | 1991 | Indigenismo Progressivism | Center to Center-left | 1 in senate |
| Autoridades Indígenas de Colombia | 1990 | Indigenismo Progressivism | Center-left | 1 in senate |
| Consejo Comunitario Ancestral de Comunidades Negras Playa Renaciente | 2007 | 1 in House | ||
| Consejo Comunitario La Mamuncia | 1 in House |
Other political parties with legal recognition
In July 2013, the Council of state returned the legal recognition to the Patriotic Union, that the party had lost in 2002 after not presenting any candidate for the Parliamentary election of 2002 and, as a result, it didn't obtain any representation in the congress. The sentence recognized the situation of extermination that the members of the party had to endure as the main cause for its losing of representation.In October 2017, after signing the Peace agreements, the Colombian law recognized the legal status of FARC party and gave it 10 seats, 5 in each chamber, for the following two periods.
| Name | Year | Ideology | Political Spectre | Number of seats |
| Common Alternative Revolutionary Force | 2017 | Marxism-leninism Bolivarianism Communism | Far-left | 5 in senate, 5 in house |
| Patriotic Union | 1985 | Socialism Democratic socialism Left-wing nationalism Patriotism Bolivarianism | Left-wing | 1 in senate |
Defunct parties
- Hope, Peace, and Liberty Popular Liberation Army veterans party.
- Christian National Party
- Christians for Community
- Alternative Way
- Alternative for Social Advance
- Citizens' Movement
- Citizens' Political Movement for Bocaya
- Civic People's Convergence
- Civic Purpose Colombia
- Coalition
- Colombia Always
- Colombian People's Party
- Colombian Social Democratic Party
- Democratic Progressivity
- Democratic Unity Party
- Front of Hope
- Community Participation
- Citizens' Convergence
- Colombia Unite
- Colombian Community and Communal Political Movement
- Democratic Colombia Party
- For the Country of Our Dreams
- New Huila and Liberalism