List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions


The following is a list of adjectival forms of former regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these former regions.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms.
The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women. The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' makes them singular feminine; 'es' makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.
Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms. So can those ending in -ch / -tch provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound.
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name.
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds.
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name.