List of Jurchen inscriptions
The list of Jurchen inscriptions comprises a list of the corpus of known inscriptions written in the Jurchen language using the Jurchen script. There are ten monumental inscriptions, mostly dating to the Jin dynasty, but the latest monument dates to the early Ming Dynasty. There are also a number of short Jurchen inscriptions on portable artefacts such as mirrors, seals and paiza. In contrast with inscriptions in Khitan scripts, there are no known examples of stone-inscribed epitaphs in the Jurchen script.
Monumental inscriptions in the Jurchen script
| Monument | Date | Place of discovery | Year of discovery | Current Location | Description |
| Monument commemorating the victory of Emperor Taizu of Jin over the Khitans in 1114 | 1185 | Shibei Weizi, Fuyu County Jilin | Jilin Provincial Museum | Bilingual Chinese and Jurchen memorial with 30 lines of Chinese text on the front, and 33 lines of Jurchen text on the back, about 1,500 Jurchen characters in total. | |
| Monument recording the names of successful candidates for the degree of jinshi in 1224 | 1224 | Yantaihe 宴台河, Kaifeng Henan | Erected at the Confucian Temple in Kaifeng | Originally a bilingual memorial, but the original Chinese text was deleted and re-engraved with a new text commemorating the restoration of the Temple of the River Spirit 河神廟 during the Ming dynasty. The Jurchen text comprises about 1,100 characters. | |
| Monument commemorating a picnic held by Aotun Liangbi | 1210 | Unknown | National Museum of China, Beijing | Chinese inscription by Aotun Liangbi 奧屯良弼 in 4 lines, dated 1206, on the front; and a Jurchen inscription in 3 lines on the left side, dated 1210, added by Aotun Liangbi's friend Bu Xiuhong 卜修洪. | |
| Monument inscribed with a poem by Aotun Liangbi | Youde Temple 佑德觀, Penglai City Shandong | Eight-line poem with preface by Aotun Liangbi 奧屯良弼, comprising about 170 characters in total. The poem is written in Aotun Liangbi's cursive calligraphy, and was inscribed on the orders of his friend Bu Xiuhong. | |||
| Two rock inscriptions at Hailong | 1167 | Yangshulin Mountain 楊樹林山, Meihekou Jilin | In situ | Bilingual Chinese and Jurchen inscription commemorating the defeat of the Khitans by Emperor Taizu of Jin ; and a Jurchen inscription of about 80 characters dated 1167 commemorating the establishment of an office in 1116. | |
| Monument commemorating the construction of a Buddhist temple | 1138–1153 | Buddhist temple, Kyongwon North Korea | 1918 | Seoul Museum of History | List of names and titles of people who contributed to the construction of the Buddhist temple where the monument was originally found. 22 lines on four sides, but the top of the monument is missing so the inscription is incomplete, with about 500 characters remaining. |
| Rock inscription commemorating the presentation of a Buddhist statue | 1218 | Mount Kwansan 串山, Pukchong North Korea | 1911 | In situ | Jurchen inscription comprising about 40 characters. |
| Yongning Temple Stele Monument commemorating the foundation of Yongning Temple | 1413 | Tyr, Khabarovsk Krai Russia | Vladivostok Museum | Main inscription in Chinese on the front, and secondary inscriptions in Mongolian and Jurchen on the back ; with the mantra Om mani padme hum written in Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan and Jurchen on both sides. | |
| Tomb memorial for the Zhaoyong General | 1186 | Xiaocheng, Shulan Jilin | 1979 | 1 line of Jurchen text. | |
| Rock inscription commemorating a victory by Wanyan Xiang | 1196 | Bayankhutag, Khentii Province Mongolia | 1979 | 9 lines of Jurchen text, with Chinese translation nearby. | |
| Rock Inscription at Shenmu | Shenmu, near Yulin Shaanxi | 2014 | In situ ? | Jurchen inscription on a rock face outside a cave, comprising about 30 lines of about 20 characters each, but most of the inscription has been lost due to damage, and only the first four lines are relatively complete. About 200 Jurchen characters survive, which is about a third of the original inscription. Also two Jurchen characters on an adjacent inscription with snake patterns. | |
| Rock Inscription on the bank of the River Arkhara | 1127 | River Arkhara, Amur Oblast Russia | 2003 | In situ | One short inscription written in ink on a rock face. |
Other inscriptions in the Jurchen script
| Object | Date | Place of discovery | Year of discovery | Current Location | Description |
| Ink inscriptions on a pagoda | White Pagoda, Hohhot Inner Mongolia | Inscriptions in cursive Jurchen written in ink on the inner wall of the 6th storey of the Ten Thousand Copies of the Huayan Sutra Pagoda. | |||
| Rock inscriptions | Du'erji, Horqin Right Middle Banner Inner Mongolia | ||||
| Rock inscriptions | Wulanmaodu, Horqin Right Front Banner Inner Mongolia | ||||
| Inscription on a sacrificial platform | Heaven Lake, Fusong County Jilin | 3 Jurchen characters on a Jin dynasty sacrificial platform at the edge of the lake. | |||
| Medallion | Unknown | Unknown | Medallion with the Jurchen translation of a Chinese couplet, "When a wise king is heedful of virtue, foreigners from all quarters come as guests". | ||
| Seal of the head of the Kechenshan 100 households | 1178 | Helong, Yanbian Jilin | 1916 | Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 13 characters on the side. | |
| Seal of the head of the Yigaidagehe 100 households | 1179 | Palace Museum, Beijing | Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 7 characters on the side. | ||
| Seal of the head of the Hetouhulunhe 100 households | 1176 | Tianjin Museum | Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 6 characters on the side. | ||
| Seal of the head of the Hezhuohailuan 100 households | 1178 | Tianjin Museum | Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 8 characters on the side. | ||
| Seal of the head of the Jiahunshan 100 households | 1178 | Palace Museum, Beijing | Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription of 7 characters on the side. | ||
| Seal of the head of the Milidiehe 100 households | 1179 | Harbin Heilongjiang | 1986 | Harbin Cultural Office | Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription on the side. |
| Seal of the head of the Supakunshan 100 households | 1222 | Aolimi Ancient City, Suibin County Heilongjiang | 1987 | Hegang Cultural Relics Office | Official seal with Chinese inscription on the seal face, and a Jurchen inscription on the side. |
| Bronze mirror | Song dynasty mirror with a later Jurchen inscription engraved along the edge. | ||||
| Bronze mirror | Chengzi He 承紫河, Mishan Heilongjiang | 1974 | Mirror with a 9 character Jurchen inscription engraved along the edge. | ||
| Silver paiza | Shaygino, Primorsky Krai Russia | 1976 | Silver pass with a Jurchen inscription in five characters reading gurun ni xada-xun meaning "Trust of the Country". |