List of French Jews
s have lived in France since Roman times, with a rich and complex history. In the Middle Ages, French kings expelled most of the original Ashkenazi Jewish population to Germany. Since the French Revolution, Jews have been able to contribute to all aspects of French culture and society. Moreover, the Cremieux decree gave in 1870 the full French citizenship to North-African Jews, living in the Maghreb under French colonization. During World War II, a significant number of Jews living in Metropolitan France perished in the Holocaust, deported to Nazi death camps by the French Vichy government. After 1945, France served as a haven for Askhenazi refugees, then after the independence of Morocco, Tunisia and the end of Algerian War, an influx of immigration of Sephardi Jews saw the Jewish population triple to around 600,000, making it the largest Jewish community in Western Europe. Behind the United States and Israel, France ranks 3rd by Jewish population. In 2019, the Jewish Agency evaluated the Jewish population in France to be 450,000, not mentioning French citizens with only one Jewish parent or grandparent.
The following is a list of some prominent Jews and people of Jewish origins, among others who were born in, or are very strongly associated with, France. The French nationality law itself, strongly secular, forbids any statistics or lists based on ethnic or religious membership.
Historical figures
Activists
- René Cassin, drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, won Nobel Peace Prize
- Lewis Goldsmith, English-born journalist and political writer
- Alain Krivine, student leader and Trotskyist MEP
- André Spire, lawyer, journalist, poet, Jewish society and French Zionism leader
Clergymen
- Aaron ben Perez of Avignon, fl.1300-1310
- Gilles Bernheim, chief rabbi of France 2009–2013
- Mordecai Karmi, former Catholic archbishop of Paris and cardinal; converted to Catholicism when he was 13
- Rashi, medieval rabbi based in Troyes, famed as the author of the first comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, as well as a comprehensive commentary on the Tanakh
- Joseph Sitruk, Tunisian-born former Chief Rabbi of France, 1987–2008
Military
- Denise Bloch, World War II SOE spy
- Nissim de Camondo, pilot in World War I
- Alfred Dreyfus, military officer
- Robert Gamzon, French resistant, commanding the 2nd company of Maquis de Vabre
- Alter Mojze Goldman, Polish-born, active during the French Résistance; father of Jean-Jacques Goldman, Robert Goldman and Pierre Goldman
- Paulette Weill Oppert, Second World War resistance fighter
Nobles
- Cahen d'Anvers, Papal title of 1867
- Liefmann Calmer, Baron of Picquigny and Viscount of Amiens
- d'Estienne, one of the early Franco/Jewish ennoblements in 16th-century Provence, after the family converted to Catholicism and changed their name from Cohen to Estienne in 1501
- Maurice Ephrussi, Russian Empire-born, husband of Beatrice de Rothschild
- de Fould-Springer, Baron Eugène Fould-Springer
- Koenigswarter
- de Rothschild
Philanthropists
- Angelo Donati, Italian-born, from 1919 to 1960, saved the Jews from Nazi persecution in the Italian-occupied France between 1942 and 1943 while staying in Nice
Politicians
- Jacques Attali, Algerian-born advisor to President François Mitterrand from 1981 to 1991
- Robert Badinter, Justice minister, 1981–86; abolished the death penalty in France
- Patrick Balkany, member of the National Assembly of France
- Léon Blum, Prime Minister 1936–37, 1938, 1946–47
- Agnès Buzyn, medical doctor and university professor, Minister of Health since 2017
- Daniel Cohn-Bendit, French-born German politician, active in both countries, best known as leader of the 1968 student uprising in France; more recently a leader of the European Greens
- Jean-François Copé, President of the Union for a Popular Movement Group in the French National Assembly
- Adolphe Crémieux, Justice Minister, 1848, 1870–71
- Julien Dray, Algerian-born member of the National Assembly of France for the Socialist Party
- Léon Halévy, civil servant, historian, and dramatist; son of Élie Halévy, brother of Fromental Halévy and father of Ludovic Halévy and grandfather to Élie Halévy, Daniel Halévy and Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol
- Roger Karoutchi, Moroccan-born Secretary of State to the Prime Minister, with responsibility for Relations with Parliament
- Louis-Lucien Klotz, journalist and politician; Minister of Finance during World War I
- Bernard Kouchner, Minister of Foreign Affairs and physician
- Henri Krasucki, Polish-born former secretary general of the Confédération générale du travail from 1982 to 1992
- Jack Lang, Minister of Culture and Minister of Education
- Pierre Lellouche, Tunisian-born member of the Union for a Popular Movement party
- Georges Mandel, Interior Minister, 1939
- Pierre Mendès France, Prime Minister, 1954–55; withdrew from Indochina
- Jules Moch, Transport Minister, 1945–47; Interior Minister, 1947–50; Defense Minister, 1950–51
- Pierre Moscovici, European Union Economic Affairs Commissioner, former French Finance Ministerer and member of the French Parliament for the Socialist Party
- Maurice Schumann, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jewish father
- Alexandre Stavisky, Ukrainian-born financier and embezzler; Stavisky Affair
- Dominique Strauss-Kahn, Finance Minister, 1997–99; President of the International Monetary Fund, 2007–11
- Simone Veil, Health Minister, 1974–76; legalized abortion; President of the European Parliament, 1979–82
- Georges Wormser, chief of staff of Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau
Journalists
- Michel Drucker, journalist and TV host
- Erik Izraelewicz, journalist and author, specialised in economics and finance; director and editorial executive of the daily Le Monde
- Jean-François Kahn, founder of Marianne magazine
- Jonathan-Simon Sellem, journalist for :fr:Télévision française juive|TFJ, founder and chief editor of JSSNews
- Ariel Wizman, Moroccan-born TV journalist, DJ, musician and stage actor
Academic figures
Scientists
- Hippolyte Bernheim, hypnosis pioneer
- Georges Charpak, Polish-born, Nobel Prize in physics in 1992
- Claude Cohen Tannoudji, Nobel Prize in physics in 1997
- Serge Haroche, Nobel Prize in physics in 2012
- Francois Jacob, Nobel Prize in medicine in 1965
- Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourgish-born physicist, Nobel Prize
- Andre Michael Lwoff, microbiologist, Nobel Prize
Mathematicians
- Maurice Block, German-born statistician
- Benoit Mandelbrot, Polish-born mathematician
- Olinde Rodrigues, mathematician and social reformer
- Laurent Schwartz, mathematician
Social scientists
- Albert Aftalion, Bulgarian-born French economist
- Raymond Aron, sociologist
- Julien Benda, philosopher and novelist
- Berachyah, philosopher
- Henri Bergson, philosopher, Nobel Prize
- Danielle Bleitrach, sociologist, academic and journalist
- Marc Bloch, historian and Resistance leader
- Hélène Cixous, Algerian-born feminist critic
- Jacques Derrida, Algerian-born philosopher
- Émile Durkheim, sociologist
- Josy Eisenberg, author, TV host, rabbi, screenwriter
- Alain Finkielkraut, essayist
- Gersonides, philosopher
- Pierre Goldman, philosopher, author, thief; was mysteriously assassinated; son of Alter Mojze Goldman; half-brother to Robert Goldman and Jean-Jacques Goldman
- Jean Gottmann, Russian Empire-born geographer
- Daniel Halévy, historian; son of Ludovic Halévy, brother to Élie Halévy, grandson of Élie Halévy, half brother to Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol
- Claude Lévi-Strauss, cultural anthropologist and ethnologist
- Emmanuel Lévinas, Russian Empire-born philosopher
- Bernard-Henri Lévy, Algerian-born philosopher
- Serge Moscovici, Romanian-born social psychologist, currently the director of the Laboratoire Européen de Psychologie Sociale; father of Pierre Moscovici
- Salomon Reinach, historian and archaeologist
- Maxime Rodinson, historian
- Jacob Rodrigues Pereira, first to teach the deaf
- Ignacy Sachs, Polish-born economist
- George Steiner, literary critic
- Simone Weil, philosopher and mystic
Cultural figures
Artists
- Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, photographer and sculptor
- Christian Boltanski, photographer, sculptor and installation artist
- Claude Cahun, photographer
- André François, cartoonist
- Marcel Gotlib, comics artist
- Michel Kikoine, Russian Empire-born painter
- Moise Kisling, Polish-born painter
- Camille Pissarro, Danish West Indies-born painter, widely considered the "father of Impressionism"
- Willy Ronis, photographer
- Joann Sfar, cartoonist, film director
- Chaim Soutine, Belarusian-born painter
- Roland Topor, illustrator, novelist
- Pauline Trigère, fashion designer
- Ossip Zadkine, Russian-born sculptor
Film and stage
- Anouk Aimée, actress
- Alexandre Aja, director
- Mathieu Amalric, actor, film director
- Richard Anconina, actor
- Arthur, Moroccan-born TV producer, host, humorist, actor
- Aure Atika, actress, writer and director
- Yvan Attal, Israeli-born filmmaker
- Jean-Pierre Aumont, actor
- Guy Béart, Egyptian-born singer and songwriter
- Emmanuelle Béart, actress, daughter of Guy Béart
- Véra Belmont, film producer, director and screenwriter
- Maurice Benichou, actor
- Raymond Bernard, film director and screenwriter, son of Tristan Bernard and brother of Jean-Jacques Bernard
- Sarah Bernhardt, stage actress
- Claude Berri, director, producer, actor and writer
- Simone Bitton, Moroccan-born French-Israeli documentary filmmaker
- Michel Boujenah, Tunisian-born actor, producer, director
- Pierre Braunberger, film producer
- Alain Chabat, actor, writer, director
- David Charvet, French-born actor and singer
- Elie Chouraqui, director, producer, scriptwriter, actor
- Gerard Darmon, actor, singer
- Charles Denner, Polish-born actor
- Marcel Dalio, actor
- Gad Elmaleh, Moroccan-born humorist, actor, film director, singer, brother of Arié
- Daniel Emilfork, Chilean-born actor
- Jean Epstein, filmmaker, film theorist, literary critic, and novelist
- Sami Frey, actor, director, movie actor
- Charlotte Gainsbourg, actress, singer ; daughter of Serge Gainsbourg
- Eva Green, actress, daughter of Marlène Jobert
- Roger Hanin, actor, director
- Serge Hazanavicius, actor
- Michel Hazanavicius, film director, screenwriter, and producer
- Anna Held, Polish-born actress
- Isabelle Huppert, actress
- Agnès Jaoui, director and actress
- Marlène Jobert, actress, author, singer; mother of Eva Green
- Elie Kakou, humorist, actor
- Marin Karmitz, Romanian-born producer
- Tcheky Karyo, film actor
- Mathieu Kassovitz, film director, actor, producer, son of Peter Kassovitz
- Peter Kassovitz, Hungarian-born film director and scriptwriter
- Sandrine Kiberlain, actress
- Cédric Klapisch, film director
- Diane Kurys, filmmaker and actress
- Arlette Langmann ; film editor and screenwriter; sister of Claude Berri
- Greg Lansky, pornographic film producer
- Claude Lanzmann, filmmaker
- Mélanie Laurent, actress, singer, director
- Claude Lelouch, director
- Marcel Marceau, mime artist
- Jean-Pierre Melville, film director and screenwriter
- Radu Mihăileanu, Romanian-born film director, screenwriter, poet
- Claude Miller, director
- Serge Moati, Tunisian-born film director, screenwriter, journalist, artist, political consultant
- Jean-Pierre Mocky, film director, screenwriter and actor
- Marcel Ophüls, German-born documentary filmmaker, son of Max Ophüls
- Max Ophüls, German-born film director, father of Marcel Ophüls
- Gérard Oury, film director, screenwriter; father of Danièle Thompson
- Roman Polanski, film director, screenwriter, actor
- Rachel, Swiss-born stage actress
- Éric Rochant, film director and screenwriter.
- Alexandra Rosenfeld, Miss France 2006
- Ida Rubinstein, Russian-born Belle Epoque icon
- Suzanne Schiffman, screenwriter, film director
- Simone Signoret, German-born actress
- Tomer Sisley, German-born actor and comedian
- Estelle Skornik, actress
- Nicole Stéphane, film producer, actress, and director
- Charlotte Szlovak, Moroccan-born cinematographer, film director, and screenwriter
- Danièle Thompson, film director, screenwriter ; daughter of Gérard Oury
- Alexandre Trauner, Hungarian-born Academy Award winning Scenic designer
- Michael Vartan, actor
- Francis Veber, film director, playwright and screenwriter
- André Weinfeld, film and television producer, director, screenwriter, photographer and journalist
- William Wyler, film director
- Yolande Zauberman, film director and screenwriter
- Elsa Zylberstein, actress
Musicians
- Charles-Valentin Alkan, composer and pianist
- Franck Amsallem, jazz pianist and composer
- Monique Andrée Serf, French singer known as Barbara
- Keren Ann, Israeli-born folk singer
- Thomas Bangalter, French musician known as half of the electro duo Daft Punk
- Patrick Bruel , singer, actor
- Joe Dassin, American-born singer, son of Jules Dassin
- Natalie Dessay, soprano
- Sacha Distel, singer
- Paul Dukas, composer
- Serge Gainsbourg, singer-songwriter, actor, film director, writer; father of Charlotte Gainsbourg
- Jean-Jacques Goldman, singer and songwriter; son of Alter Mojze Goldman, brother to Robert Goldman and half-brother to Pierre Goldman
- David Guetta, DJ, remixer, songwriter
- Fromental Halévy, composer
- Ludovic Halévy, librettist; son of Élie Halévy
- jenifer, French pop singer
- Joseph Kosma, Hungarian-born film composer
- Jacques Lanzmann, lyricist; brother of Claude Lanzmann
- Isidore de Lara, English-born composer
- René Leibowitz, Polish-born composer
- Daniel Levi, singer, composer
- Enrico Macias, Algerian-born singer
- Emmanuelle Haïm, harpsichordist and conductor
- Darius Milhaud, composer, member of the Groupe des six
- Pierre Monteux, conductor
- Georges Moustaki, Egyptian-born composer, singer
- Yael Naim, singer-songwriter, guitarist
- Jacques Offenbach, German-born composer
- Catherine Ringer, singer, songwriter, actress
- Sapho, Moroccan-born singer
- David Serero, French opera singer, actor, producer; his parents are Sephardi Jews from Morocco
- Martial Solal, jazz pianist and composer
- Tal, Israeli-born pop / R'n'B singer
- Alexandre Tansman, Polish-born composer, pianist
- Daniel Vangarde, French songwriter and producer, father of Thomas Bangalter
- Émile Waldteufel, composer
Writers and poets
- Tristan Bernard, playwright and novelist, father of Raymond Bernard and Jean-Jacques Bernard
- Jean-Jacques Bernard, playwright, son of Tristan Bernard and brother of Raymond Bernard
- Henri Bernstein, playwright
- Henri Blowitz, Bohemian-born journalist
- Paul Celan, Romanian-born poet
- Romain Gary, Russian Empire-born novelist
- René Goscinny, comic book author and editor, co-creator of Asterix
- Élie Halévy, Bavarian-born French Hebrew poet, author and secretary of the Jewish community of Paris; father of Fromental Halévy and Léon Halévy
- Marek Halter, writer and activist
- Léon Hollaenderski, writer and poet
- Max Jacob, poet
- Edmond Jabès, Egyptian-born poet
- Joseph Joffo, writer
- Gabriel Josipovici, novelist
- Gustave Kahn, poet and art critic
- Joseph Kessel, Argentinian-born novelist and journalist
- Justine Lévy, novelist, daughter of Bernard-Henri Lévy
- André Maurois, author
- Alain Mamou-Mani, Tunisian-born French film producer and writer
- Albert Memmi, Tunisian-born novelist and sociologist
- Catulle Mendès, poet and man of letters
- Patrick Modiano, writer
- Nine Moati, Tunisian-born novelist Les Belles de Tunis and screenwriter; sister of Serge Moati
- Irène Némirovsky, writer
- Georges Perec, novelist
- Marcel Proust, writer
- Yasmina Reza, playwright
- Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born writer
- Jean-Jacques Schuhl, writer
- Anne Sinclair, political journalist; wife of Dominique Strauss-Kahn
- André Suarès, poet
- Elsa Triolet, Russian-born novelist
- Tristan Tzara, Romanian-born poet
- Ilarie Voronca, Romanian-born poet and essayist
- Bernard Werber, best-selling author
Business figures
- Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet, founder and head of Publicis Groupe
- Moïse de Camondo, Ottoman Empire-born banker
- Isaac and Daniel Carasso, founders of Danone
- André Citroën, founder of Citroën
- Marcel Dassault, aerospace industrialist; converted to Catholicism in 1950
- Achille Fould, financier
- Maurice Girodias, founder of Olympia Press
- Maurice de Hirsch, banker
- Philippe Kahn, founder of Borland
- Gérard Louis-Dreyfus, owner of Louis-Dreyfus & Co.
- Michel Adam Lisowski, Polish-born founder and president of Fashion TV
- André Meyer, French-American financier
- Emile and Isaac Péreire, bankers
- Rothschild banking and wine growing family of France
Sport figures
- Sarah Abitbol, figure skater, World Figure Skating Championship bronze
- Gary Assous, football player
- Jonathan Assous, France/Israel, soccer defensive midfielder
- Fabrice Benichou, boxer, world champion super bantamweight
- Ossip Bernstein, Russian-born chess grandmaster
- Jean Bloch, soccer, Olympic silver
- Ilan Boccara, France/Netherlands, football player
- Alain Calmat, figure skater, Olympic silver, World Championship gold, silver, two-time bronze
- François Cevert, racing driver
- Robert Cohen, boxer, World Bantamweight Champion
- Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro, tennis player
- Steven Cohen, football player
- Pierre Darmon, tennis player, highest world ranking #8
- René Dreyfus, racing driver
- Yves Dreyfus, épée fencer, Olympic bronze, French champion
- Myriam Fox-Jerusalmi, slalom canoer, Olympic bronze, five golds at ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
- Stéphane Haccoun, boxer, featherweight, super featherweight, and junior lightweight
- Rudy Haddad, soccer midfielder
- Alphonse Halimi, boxer, World Bantamweight Champion
- Maurice Herzog, mountaineer; first 8000 m; mountain Annapurna ; later a politician
- Alexandre Lippmann, épée fencer, two-time Olympic champion, two-time silver, bronze
- Armand Mouyal, épée fencer, Olympic bronze, world champion
- Alfred "Artem" Nakache, swimmer; world record, one-third of French two-time world record ; imprisoned by Nazis in Auschwitz, where his wife and daughter were killed
- Claude Netter, foil fencer, Olympic champion, silver
- Jacques Ochs, French-born Belgian épée, saber, and foil fencer, Olympic champion
- Kevin Pariente, football player
- Maxime Partouche, football player
- Victor Perez, Tunisian-French boxer, victim of the Holocaust.
- François Rozenthal, ice hockey, France national team; brother of Maurice Rozenthal
- Maurice Rozenthal, ice hockey, right wing, France national team
- Eric Sitruk, football player
- Jean Stern, épée fencer, Olympic champion
- Daniel Wildenstein, racehorse owner
Other
- Abraham of Aragon, Jewish physician specializing in diseases of the eye
- Ilan Halimi, salesman; was kidnapped, tortured, and murdered by an anti-semitic gang thinking he was a wealthy man
Footnotes