Lillian Fuchs
Lillian Fuchs, an American violist, teacher and composer, is considered to be among the finest instrumentalists of her time. She hailed from a musically talented family: her brothers, Joseph Fuchs, a violinist, and Harry Fuchs, a cellist, performed with her on numerous commercial recordings. Her children and grandchildren continue in her footsteps.
Background
Lillian Fuchs began her musical studies as a pianist, later studying violin with her father and afterwards with Franz Kneisel at the Institute of Musical Art, now the Juilliard School. She enjoyed a distinguished teaching career at the Manhattan School of Music, the Juilliard School, the Aspen Music Festival and School, and the Blue Hill Music School, which she founded with her brother Joseph. Martha Strongin Katz, James Wendell Griffith, Geraldine Walther, Lawrence Dutton and Yizhak Schotten were her students. Her books of etudes for the viola are in standard use today in universities and music schools around the world, and were much appreciated by the great Scottish violist, William Primrose. She also composed a Sonata Pastorale for solo viola.She performed many standard and non-standard pieces in the viola repertoire, including significant 20th century works. Fuchs was known for her warm, beautiful tone, expert musicianship and technical mastery. She owned a fine instrument made by Matteo Goffriller and was the lifelong custodian of another lovely viola, darker in tone, by Gasparo da Salò. She played with a bow made by the English bow maker, John Dodd which sold in May 2014 for $22,800 at Tarisio Auctions. Dodd bows are often shorter than other viola bows, a quality Fuchs prized for the greater control it permitted and also for its sheer practicality, since she was of diminutive stature. She used a gut 'A' string, considering it a sacrilege to use a metal 'A' string on an old Italian instrument.
Lillian Fuchs made her New York début on the violin in 1926, but soon switched to viola at the urging of Franz Kneisel. She thereafter was a founding member of the Perolé Quartet, playing viola with this ensemble from 1925 to 1945. She collaborated with the Budapest and Amadeus String Quartets and often in performance with her brothers Joseph, a violinist and Harry, a cellist. She played in a number of chamber groups, notably the Musicians Guild, and appeared as a soloist with major orchestras, including the New York Philharmonic and the Casals Festival Orchestra. In 1947, Bohuslav Martinů composed and dedicated his 'Madrigals' for violin and viola to Lillian and Joseph Fuchs after hearing them perform the Mozart Duos at Town Hall in New York City.
A renowned teacher of viola, Fuchs was also an important teacher of chamber music, counting among her pupils Isaac Stern, Pinchas Zukerman and Dorothy DeLay. Lillian Fuchs's influence can be seen in her two daughters, Barbara Stein Mallow, cellist, Carol Stein Amado, violinist, her granddaughter, Jeanne Mallow, violist, and grandson, David Amado, conductor.
Recordings
Most of her vinyl recordings are today collector's items and are otherwise unavailable commercially. DoReMi records has recently re-released a CD version of her 1950's recordings of the Bach Cello Suites. Her interpretation of the sixth suite made such an impression on Pablo Casals, that after a private performance she had made for him, he said to her that it sounded better on the viola than on the cello. She was the first to perform and record the Bach Suites for the viola.A complete list of her studio recordings and a partial list of archive recordings :
- Johann Sebastian Bach Complete Cello Suites. Lillian Fuchs, viola.
- Johann Sebastian Bach Suite No. 1 in G major, Suite No. 3 in C major. Lillian Fuchs, viola.
- Johann Sebastian Bach Suite No. 6 in D major, Suite No. 2 in d minor. Lillian Fuchs, viola.
- Johann Sebastian Bach Suite No. 4 in E♭ major, Suite No. 5 in c minor. Lillian Fuchs, viola.
- Johann Sebastian Bach Suite No. 2 in d minor. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association
- Ludwig van Beethoven Serenade in D major for Flute, Violin, and Viola, Op. 25. Julius Baker, flute, Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola.
- Ludwig van Beethoven Serenade in D major for Violin, Viola, and Cello, Op. 8. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Leonard Rose, cello.
- Ludwig van Beethoven String Quintet in C major, op. 29. Toshiya Eto, Lea Foli, violins; Lillian Fuchs, Rolf Persinger, violas; Leopold Teraspulsky, cello. Recorded on July 21, 1967 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado
- Ludwig van Beethoven Trio in c minor, Op. 9, No. 3. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello.
- Hector Berlioz Harold en Italie. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live concert recorded in Carnegie Hall on February 20, 1968 with the National Orchestral Association, John Barnett, conductor. National Orchestral Association collection of rehearsal and concert recordings at the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound
- Johannes Brahms Piano Quartet No. 1 in G minor, op. 25. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello, Artur Balsam, piano.
- Johannes Brahms Piano Quartet No. 1 in G minor, op. 25. Jeaneane Dowis, piano, Sidney Harth, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Leopold Teraspulsky, cello. Recorded on August 14, 1972 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado
- Johannes Brahms Piano Quartet No. 2 in A major, op. 26. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello, Artur Balsam, piano.
- Johannes Brahms Piano Quartet No. 3 in c minor, op. 60. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello, Artur Balsam, piano.
- Johannes Brahms String Quintet in G major, op. 111. Netherlands String Quartet & Lillian Fuchs, viola. Recorded July 13, 1966 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado
- Johannes Brahms String Sextet in G major, op. 36. Sidney Harth, Teresa Harth, violins; Lillian Fuchs, Abraham Skernick, violas ; Zara Nelsova, Leopold Teraspulsky, cellos. Recorded on August July 24, 1965 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado
- Johannes Brahms Sonata in F minor for viola & piano Op.120 no. 1. Lillian Fuchs, viola, Edward Mobbs, piano. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association
- Claude Debussy Sonata for Flute, Viola, and Harp. Julius Baker, flute, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Laura Newell, harp.
- Antonín Dvořák Piano Quartet in E-flat major, op. 87. Donald Weilerstein, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Laszlo Varga, cello, Rudolf Firkušný, piano. Recorded on June 28, 1976 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado
- William Flackton Sonata in G major for Viola. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association
- Lillian Fuchs Sonata Pastorale. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Recorded on January 2, 4 & 17 1957.
- Bohuslav Martinů Three Madrigals for Violin and Viola. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola.
- Bohuslav Martinů Rhapsodie-Concerto. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live concert recorded in Carnegie Hall on March 6, 1962 with the National Orchestral Association, John Barnett, conductor. National Orchestral Association collection of rehearsal and concert recordings at the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound
- Bohuslav Martinů Viola Sonata. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Recorded on February 4, 1957.
- Jacques de Menasce Sonata for Viola and Piano. Lillian Fuchs, viola, Artur Balsam, piano.
- Jacques de Menasce Sonata for Viola and Piano. Lillian Fuchs, viola, Edward Mobbs, piano. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association
- Darius Milhaud Sonata no. 1 for viola & piano. Lillian Fuchs, viola, Edward Mobbs, piano. Live recital recorded on March 28, 1958 at the Harvard Musical Association
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Divertimento for String Trio in Eb, K.563. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Paul Tortelier, cello.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Duos for Violin and Viola, K423, K.424. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Duo No. 2 in Bb, K.424. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Piano Quartet in E-flat major, K. 493. Robert Mann, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Leopold Teraspulsky, cello, Claude Frank, piano. Recorded on July 28, 1973 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart String Quintet in C major, K.515 Amadeus Quartet & Lillian Fuchs, viola. Recorded on July 14, 1965 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Trio in Eb for Clarinet, Viola, and Piano, K498 "Kegelstatt". Reginald Kell, clarinet, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Mieczysław Horszowski, piano.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Sinfonia Concertante in Eb, K364. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Aeterna Chamber Orchestra, Frederic Waldman, conductor.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Sinfonia Concertante in Eb, K364. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Zimbler Sinfonietta.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Sinfonia Concertante in Eb, K365. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Prades Festival Orchestra, Pablo Casals, conductor.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Sinfonia Concertante in Eb, K364. Joseph Fuchs, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, New York Philharmonic Orchestra, Rafael Kubelik, conductor. Live concert recorded on February 23, 1958 in Carnegie Hall.
- Albert Roussel Trio for Flute, Viola, and Cello, Op. 40. Julius Baker, flute, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Harry Fuchs, cello.
- Franz Schubert Piano Quintet in A major, opus posthumous 114, D. 667, "Trout". Lea Foli, violin, Lillian Fuchs, viola, Claus Adam, cello, David Walter, bass, Brooks Smith, piano. Recorded August 21, 1976 at the Aspen Amphitheater, Aspen Music Festival, Aspen, Colorado.
- Virgil Thomson Sonata da Chiesa. Lillian Fuchs, viola, Peter Simenauer, clarinet, Fred Mills, trumpet, Paul Ingraham, horn, Edward Erwin, trombone, Virgil Thomson, conductor.
- Ralph Vaughan Williams Flos Campi. Lillian Fuchs, viola. Live concert recorded in Carnegie Hall on February 20, 1968 with the National Orchestral Association, John Barnett, conductor and the Mannes School of Music Chorus, Harold Aks, director at the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound