By a contract made on 1 September 1690 between his father and Elisabeth Charlotte Melander, Countess of Holzappel, Lebrecht was betrothed to Charlotte, the youngest of the three surviving daughters of the Countess with her late husband, Adolph, Prince of Nassau-Schaumburg. Under the terms of that contract, Charlotte was declared the sole heiress of the County of Holzappel and the Lordship of Schaumburg. The marriage was performed in Schaumburg on 12 April 1692. They had five children:
Victor I Amadeus Adolph, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym.
Frederick William.
Elisabeth Charlotte.
Christian.
Victoria Hedwig.
Charlotte died in 1700, before the death of her mother, Elisabeth Charlotte of Holzappel-Schaumburg, making her eldest son Victor the heir apparent of Holzappel and Schaumburg. When Countess Elisabeth Charlotte died in 1707, Victor Amadeus Adolph succeeded her as Count of Holzappel and Schaumburg.
By contract of 23 February 1703, Lebrecht explained that after the death of his wife he wished not to remarry, so as not to diminish the possessions of the House of Anhalt through further partitions; but he found a way to reconcile his conscience with this intention by marrying a person who only looked for companionship in marriage and had no desire for princely rank. Remarriages with persons of unequal rank after a first equal marriage leaving posterity were not unusual in Germany, and under these conditions he obtained the consent of his father to this union. The contract, signed by a notary and two witnesses, specified that the Baroness of Weede would not usurp the rank of princess or seek to be raised to that rank but would remain a baroness under the name of "Baroness of Bähringen," and never use the name, title, or arms of Anhalt for herself. A sum of 45,000 Thalers was set for her upkeep and that of her children, which would be used to purchase a suitable estate. Should she die without heirs, or at the extinction of her issue, the sum or the estate purchased with it would be returned to her husband and his heirs. This contract notwithstanding, Lebrecht sought and obtained from the Emperor her elevation to the rank of Countess with the style of "Hoch- und Wohlgebohren" and new arms. Lebrecht's father fought in vain to have this elevation reversed. After the death of Lebrecht, the two surviving sons from his marriage with the Countess of Weede obtained the Bailiwick of Zeitz, but both died unmarried and childless.
Third marriage
On 14 September 1725 Lebrecht married for a third time and again morganatically to Sophie Sibylla of Ingersleben, a lady at his court and daughter of Just Adam of Ingersleben, of well-established Anhalt nobility. Despite all the efforts of her husband, the Reichshofrat denied Sophie the right to the styles "princely" and "Durchlaucht". Lebrecht survived her by only fourteen months.
