Kyzylorda, formerly known as Kzyl-Orda, Ak-Mechet, Perovsk, and Fort-Perovsky, is a city in south-central Kazakhstan, capital of Kyzylorda Region and former capital of the Kazak ASSR from 1925 to 1929. The city has a population of 157,400. It historically developed around the Syr Darya River and the site of a Kokand fortress. Population:
History
, the founder of the Seljuk dynasty, got his start near here. The city had its beginnings in 1817Valikhanof et al, The Russians in Central Asia, 1865, page 315, says " according to Kirgiz accounts, about the year 1817." Kirgiz meant Kazakh at that time. as the site of a Kokand fortress known as Ak-Mechet, or white mosque. The later-famous Yaqub Beg was once the fort's commander, but he was apparently not in command during the final battle. In 1853, during the Russian conquest of Turkestan, the fort was taken by Russian troops under General Vasily Perovsky. The Russians established a new fort and called it Fort-Perovsky, after the general. The town of Perovsk in Russian Turkestan later developed around the fort. In 1925, the city was renamed Kzyl-Orda and was designated as the capital of the Kazak ASSR. The name literally means a red city, from the Turkic "кзыл" and the Turkic Mongolian "орда". In 1929 the capital was relocated to the southeastern region and Alma-Ata. "Kyzylorda", the Kazakh-based romanized spelling, has been used since the late 20th century after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Kazakhstan's independence in 1991. Since independence, many of the outhouses were erected in several apartment buildings used as dormitories during Soviet rule due to lack of sewage systems for indoor plumbing. A RFE/RL report in April 2018 stated that the Kazakh Republic government has planning to modernize Soviet era buildings.
Climate
has a cold desert climate with hot summers and cold winters. Precipitation is low throughout the year, particularly in the summer months. Snow is common, though light, in winter. The lowest temperature on record is, recorded in February 1969, and the highest temperature is, recorded in July 1975.
Agriculture
Kyzylorda is known for its rice production. Many hundreds of hectares are devoted to rice production. Two rice mills operate in the city.
Education
after Korkyt ata is the leading center of education, a science and culture center in the Aral region of the Republic Kazakhstan. Established in 1950, the university trains highly skilled specialists in 54 specialties at 11 faculties.
Transportation
Kyzylorda has one airport. It has developed as the supply center of the important oilfields in the nearby Turgay Basin.
