Korets-Landau leaflet, was authored by the Soviet physicistsMosey Korets and Lev Landau in 1938 and condemned Joseph Stalin and the NKVD as the response to the Great Purge in the Soviet Union. The Soviet leader Stalin was accused for betrayal of the October Revolution and the sociopolitical work of his regime, especially the secret police NKVD, was compared with the ones organized by German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and the Italian Fascism leader Benito Mussolini, who at this time made active political struggle against Communism in their countries and were both ideological and political enemies of the Soviet Union. In making the opposition against Stalinism, the leaflet had made use of purely socialist ideas. In particular, it had used as the title the communist ideological slogan "Workers of the world, unite" borrowed from The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which laid the ideological foundations of Stalin's All-Union Communist Party. Creation of the leaflet was greatly motivated by the UPTI affair, which resulted in a serial liquidation of then leading Soviet scientists. Its propagation was planned on the International Workers' Day 1 May 1938, but did not come into the effect because was discovered by the NKVD which arrested the authors. The investigation, which included then usually applied brutal hearings, showed that the leaflet was compiled by Korets and edited by Landau. Some historians have supposed that its creation was a result of the wide provocation action performed among the Jewish scientists by the NKVD, which aimed at a many-year imprisonment at the Gulagconcentration camps system for the forced labor in the Soviet military industry. Korets pointed out that the Jewish poet Pavel Kogan was the NKVD's instigator for the leaflet. Together with Landau and Korets also the Soviet physicist Yuri Rumer was arrested. Landau was released thanks to Pyotr Kapitsa's support, but both Korets and Rumer were imprisoned for the forced labor.
Original text
English translation
Workers of the world, unite Comrades! Great work of the October Revolution is badly betrayed. Country is flooded with river of blood and dirt. Millions of innocent people are thrown into prisons, no one knows when his turn will come. Economy is falling apart. Hunger is going on. Don not you see, Comrades, that Stalin's clique made a fascist coup. Socialism remained only on pages of totally lying press. In his furious hatred against true socialism, Stalin became equal to Hitler and Mussolini. Devastating country to keep his power, Stalin makes it an easy prey of inhuman German fascism. The only way out for the working class and all the workers of our country is a decisive struggle against Stalin's and Hitler's fascism, the struggle for socialism. Comrades, organize! Do not fear executioners from NKVD. They can only beat defenseless prisoners, catch unsuspecting innocent people, plunder national wealth and invent ridiculous trials against nonexistent conspiracies. Comrades, join the Antifascist Workers Party. Get in touch with its Moscow Committee. Organize at meetings of AWP groups. Set up underground technique. By agitation and propaganda prepare mass movement towards socialism. Stalin's fascism is based on our disorder. Proletariat of our country, which threw off the power of tsar and capitalists, will throw off the fascist dictator and his clique. Long live May 1 - the day of struggle for socialism! Moscow Committee of the Antifascist Workers Party
