Kereta Api Indonesia


PT Kereta Api Indonesia is the major operator of public railways in Indonesia. It is completely owned by the government and pays track access charges to the government. One of its subsidiaries, PT KAI Commuter Indonesia, is operating electrified commuter service in Jakarta metropolitan area from 14 August 2008.

History

Indonesian Railways Co. is the latest of a long line of successive state railway companies dating from Dutch colonial days.
Indonesia gained independence in 1945-1953, the separate systems were combined into the Djawatan Kereta Api. Non-state railway systems in Java retained their paper existence until 1958, when all railway lines in Indonesia were nationalised, including the Deli Railway, thereby creating the Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api on 25 May 1963. On 15 September 1971 the name of PNKA was changed to Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api. Later then, on 2 January 1991, PJKA was changed its name and status as Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api, and as of 1 June 1999 was converted into a joint-stock company as PT Kereta Api . On May 2010, the name of "PT KA" was changed to PT Kereta Api Indonesia till present.
The headquarters of the state railway system, are located in Bandung, West Java.
In 2014, Indonesian Railways carried 300 million passengers and 30 million tonnes cargo a year. The prediction is it will be doubled in 5 years.
PT Kereta Api has conducted some export operations with narrow gauge-type trains exported Australia, Malaysia, and Thailand, Bangladesh and locomotives and DMUs to the Philippines.

Assets

In order to value assets belong to Indonesian Railways, internal revaluation of assets has been done by the Ministry of Transportation. Indonesian Railways own Rp.35 trillion as land and Rp.22 trillion as other assets. The exact value was to be determined by the end of 2011 or 2012, based on an audit by the Ministry of Finance.

Trackage

The company currently operates two types of railways, i.e. Cape gauge and standard gauge. The 1,067 mm gauge is most common in Java and all regional divisions of Sumatra, while the currently operated Aceh railway uses 1,435 mm gauge. Historically, the company had operated 600 mm gauge and 750 mm gauge for some tramway lines.
The total number of trackage laid in Indonesia was, although not all lines were in operation at the same time. In 1939, the total operational trackage was . The present extent of the system is now as of 2019, with the Aceh system, most of the West Sumatra system and most former steam tram lines abandoned, but including new tracks built alongside old tracks.
Much of the branch lines constructed in the colonial era has been lifted up or abandoned in the 1980s. No major railway construction has since taken place, however, many of the busiest lines have been double tracked. The northern coast area of Java would be double tracked in May 2014 after completion of 68 kilometres Babat-Kandangan-Pasar Turi double trackage from 727 kilometres of Jakarta-Surabaya double tracked, followed by the proposed completion of a double tracking project on the south coast by 2015. On 8 June 2015 Duri-Tangerang double tracks is formally used for KA Commuter Jabodetabek, but it can be also used for airport trains.
Significant projects being considered include:
Future expansion plans of the railway will include linking of existing railway lines in Sumatra from Aceh to Lampung via both west and east coasts of the island. Railway lines are also planned to be built on the currently railway-free islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi.
A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed to build railway around Bali with length of 565 kilometers. Nowadays, the first trackage of the Trans-Sulawesi Railway with a length of 143 kilometres from Makassar to Pare-pare has been initialised with 30 kilometres of land acquisitions and initial construction will be built in June 2015, then 70 kilometres in 2016 and the rest 43 kilometres in 2017. The train is predicted to run in 2018 with trackage wider than in Java to accommodate more weight and speed. The schedule for Pare-pare to Manado trackage will be completed in 5 years after it.
There are also plans to reactivate non-operational railway lines in West Java, such as Bandung-Ciwidey line, intended to ease road traffic congestion; and Rancaekek-Tanjung Sari line. 4 other non-operational lines are still in consideration.
Kedungjati-Tuntang trackage as a part of Semarang-Ambarawa reactivated trackage is the only track in Indonesia without road crossing. It has 8 fly overs or underpasses to make more safety in congested traffic roads, now still underconstruction.

Rolling stock

As of 2016, Indonesian Railways operates:
Indonesian Railways is a major customer of the local railway equipment industry, PT Industri Kereta Api, by using passenger coaches, freight wagons and electric multiple units made by the Madiun-based company.
Indonesian Railways' diesel-electric locomotives are mostly made in United States or Canada, while the diesel-hydraulics are mostly German. Electric multiple units are mostly Japanese-built. Local industry is capable of building multiple units, both diesel and electric.

Locomotives

All locomotives of the Indonesian Railways are diesel-engined. Most new locomotives use diesel-electric transmission, while older and lighter ones have hydraulic transmission. A more than 400 locomotives are in the books, but the actual number of operational locomotives is smaller. A current source mentioned that Indonesian Railways have had 409 units of diesel locomotives. The oldest diesel locomotive in the system dates from 1953.
Based on, all of locomotives using a combination of letters and numbers. A letter or a combination of letters is used to denote the wheel arrangement, and a three-digit number is used to denote the class, starting from 0. A two-digit number shows the year of operations, and two- or three-digit after the year shows the running number.
Examples
The steam locomotive classification was directly derived from Japanese practice. Tank locomotives were numbered from the 10s, while tender locomotives from the 50s. Letter combinations were used for articulated locomotives.
Electric locomotives in Indonesia had always been a minority, and no new electric locomotives had been acquired in the last 70 years. However, electric multiple units have been imported from Japan and elsewhere since 1976. These are operated by the Jabotabek commuter urban transport division of the Indonesian Railways, which has been spun off in August 2008.
May 2011: After changing the rail between Purwosari station and Wonogiri station and also the bridges with R42, so line between Sangkrah station, Solo and Wonogiri will be served by heavy electric diesel locomotives.
Indonesian Railways diesel locomotive classes
Indonesian Railways runs to classes of named passenger trains on Java, Executive class and Business class, and Economy class.

Exclusive wagon

Exclusive wagon is luxury wagon which a whole wagon should be rented for a certain route, because the luxury wagon should be attached to the regular train. Exclusive wagon is called as kereta wisata, Main users of this exclusive cars are the president, vice-president, a group of a company for meeting, big extended family, and group of artists or tourists. The rent fee of a wagon is about for short trip as Jakarta-Bandung or Jakarta-Cirebon and up to for trip of Jakarta-Surabaya. All wagons can accommodate 22 passengers, and only 19 passengers for Nusantara wagon with a queen bed. Snacks, meals and drinks are provided for free. And advanced booking with payment should be done due to big animo of the exclusive wagons.

Disability wagons

On 18 October 2014, Indonesian Railways launched Jayabaya train with route Pasar Senen-Surabaya-Malang vice versa with 2 disability wagons include toilets for disability persons, wide doors and spacious area for wheel chairs. It will be implemented to other train gradually.

Cargo

To anticipate steady number of passengers, Indonesian Railways has boosted cargo deliveries. At 3 May 2011 Indonesian Railways has tried the line from Cikarang Dry Port to Surabaya vice versa.
Indonesian Railways and Danone Indonesia has made an agreement to carry Danone's water in 2013 to Jakarta. Indonesian Railways will replace the track from R33 to R54 between Cicurug and Sukabumi with length 20 kilometres and spends Rp2 trillion. One cargo train can replace 40 to 60 trucks. In addition, Indonesian Railways also serves trains of coal in South Sumatera.
Government has appointed Indonesian Railways to connect Cikarang Dry Port and Tanjung Priok Port to ease heavy traffic jam between two locations. The construction will be initialised in early 2015. Trucks and flatbeds can only run 1.5 trip per day, while a train can carry 40 TEUs per trip.

Library wagon

To popularise more about the business, Indonesian Railways will launch Library Wagon which will display documented company activities, small size assets and books. The library wagon will make exhibition for a week in one station and then move to other station.

Depot and facilities

In Java, PT Kereta Api Indonesia has its main diesel workshop in Pengok, Jogjakarta for maintenance of both diesel electric and diesel hydraulic locomotives. The separate systems in Sumatra has their shops in Lahat, Padang and Pulubrayan.
Other maintenance facilities are present in Manggarai, Tegal and Gubeng. These are used to repair coaches and wagons.
A large stabling point and maintenance facilities for electric rail cars has been constructed in Depok, West Java.
Motive power depots are located in Medan, Tebing Tinggi, Padang, Padang Panjang, Kertapati, Tanjungkarang, Rangkasbitung, Tanahabang, Jatinegara, Bandung, Banjar, Cibatu, Cirebon, Purwokerto, Cilacap, Kutoarjo, Semarang Poncol, Yogyakarta, Solo Balapan, Cepu, Madiun, Sidotopo, and Jember.
Large area in front of Purwakarta station has been used for scrapping area of the unused economy class Electric Multiple Units since 2013, where the non-air-conditioned electrical multiple units had not in service.

Legislation

Railway operations in Indonesia was formerly regulated by the 1992 Indonesian Law No. 13 concerning Railways. This legislation stated that the government operates railways, delegates operations to an operating body and provides and maintains railway infrastructure. Private companies are allowed to co-operate in operation of railways.
From 25 April 2007, the new regulation, is in effect. There are some changes in railway operators. In this law, track maintenance is handed over to the government.
The Indonesian government has recently created the Directorate General of Railways, directly answerable to the Ministry of Transportation. This is expected to improve the railway's position vis-à-vis other transportation modes.
The parliament of Indonesia has finished an amendment to the current legislation, which is to allow greater role for private companies and regional governments in providing railway services. However, as yet there are no private operators of railway services.

Joint operation

In December 2011, a memorandum of understanding has been signed between Indonesian Railways and Bombardier Transportation AG related with final assembly of diesel-electric TRAXX Asia Locomotives in Surabaya, East Java begins in early 2012 for Southeast Asia market, including for Indonesian Railways itself.
In early March 2012, both parties GE Transportation and Indonesian Railways have announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding about services and co-operation. All services will be done in Indonesia by Indonesian workers and makes Traction Motor Remanufacturing Center to serve all ASEAN countries.

Heritage sites

In 2012, Indonesian Railways allocated Rp20 billion to restore and renovate 20 heritage sites from at least 260 heritage sites and historical railways on the islands of Java and Sumatra. One of them is Lawang Sewu in Semarang which attracted many tourists which got Rp.1.5 billion from tickets revenue per year.