A member of the Virginia and Washington D.C. bars, Vogel specializes in laws relating to charitable and nonprofit organizations, as well as campaign finance and ethics. Vogel served as Deputy General Counsel in the Department of Energy, before starting her own law firm, Holtzman Vogel Josefiak Torchinsky. Vogel became the Chief Counsel of the Republican National Committee in February 2004. She was elected to the Senate of Virginia as a Republican in 2007, after long-term state senatorRuss Potts retired, defeating several opponents in the Republican primary and the general election. She represents much of the territory that was once represented by former Governor and U. S. Senator Harry F. Byrd Sr. and former U. S. Senator Harry F. Byrd Jr. It was one of the first areas of Virginia to turn Republican; the GOP has held the seat without interruption since Harry Jr.'s appointment to the U. S. Senate in 1965. Vogel faced a contentious race in 2007, winning by only 661 votes over Winchester School Board Trustee Karen Schultz as the Democrats regained control of the Senate. She was re-elected by a wider margin in 2011. In 2015, Vogel's candidacy for reelection was unopposed. She became the Caucus Whip for the Republican party in the state Senate. In 2017, after an unusually bitter primary battle, Vogel became the Republican nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in 2017. She lost to Democrat Justin Fairfax in the general election on November 7, 2017. If she had been elected, she would have become the first female Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. In 2019 Vogel was reelected to the Virginia State Senate.
In 2016, she also gained nationwide media attention for helping repeal laws that allowed "child marriage" involving pregnant minors.
Redistricting reform
In 2017, she sought to curb gerrymandering by introducing a bill establishing more specific criteria for redistricting in Virginia. She also introduced legislation to legalize medicinal use of non-psychoactive cannabis oils for a range of conditions.
LGBT rights
In the January 2020 session of the legislature, Vogel was the only Republican in the Senate who voted in favor of a ban on conversion therapy. In the same session, Vogel also voted in favor of a bill which would make it easier for transgender Virginians to change the sex listed on their birth certificates and a bill which would repeal Virginia's defunct ban on same-sex marriage.