January 23 Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. 971 - Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. 1264 - In the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort , King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens , a one-sided decision in favour of Henry that later leads to the Second Barons' War . 1368 - In a coronation ceremony, Zhu Yuanzhang ascends the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor , initiating Ming dynasty rule over China that would last for three centuries. 1546 - Having published nothing for eleven years, François Rabelais publishes the Tiers Livre , his sequel to Gargantua and Pantagruel . 1556 - The deadliest earthquake in history, the Shaanxi earthquake , hits Shaanxi province, China. The death toll may have been as high as 830,000. 1570 - James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray , regent for the infant King James VI of Scotland , is assassinated by firearm, the first recorded instance of such. 1571 - The Royal Exchange opens in London. 1579 - The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands. 1656 - Blaise Pascal publishes the first of his Lettres provinciales . 1719 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire . 1789 - Georgetown College , the first Catholic university in the United States , is founded in Georgetown, Maryland . 1793 - Second Partition of Poland . 1795 - After an extraordinary charge across the frozen Zuiderzee , the French cavalry captured 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns , in a rare occurrence of a battle between ships and cavalry. 1846 - Slavery in Tunisia is abolished. 1849 - Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Geneva Medical College of Geneva, New York , becoming the United States' first female doctor. 1870 - In Montana , U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans , mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre . 1879 - Anglo-Zulu War: the Battle of Rorke's Drift ends. 1899 - The Malolos Constitution is inaugurated, establishing the First Philippine Republic . Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as its first President . 1900 - Second Boer War: The Battle of Spion Kop between the forces of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and British forces ends in a British defeat. 1904 - Ålesund Fire: the Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style. 1909 -, a passenger ship of the White Star Line , becomes the first ship to use the CQD distress signal after colliding with another ship, the SS Florida , off the Massachusetts coastline, an event that kills six people. The Republic sinks the next day. 1912 - The International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague . 1920 - The Netherlands refuses to surrender the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies . 1937 - The trial of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center sees seventeen mid-level Communists accused of sympathizing with Leon Trotsky and plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime. 1941 - Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler . 1942 - World War II: The Battle of Rabaul commences Japan's invasion of Australia's Territory of New Guinea . 1943 - World War II: Troops of the British Eighth Army capture Tripoli in Libya from the German–Italian Panzer Army . 1945 - World War II: German admiral Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal . 1950 - The Knesset resolves that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel . 1957 - American inventor Walter Frederick Morrison sells the rights to his flying disc to the Wham-O toy company, which later renames it the "Frisbee". 1958 - After a general uprising and rioting in the streets, President Marcos Pérez Jiménez leaves Venezuela . 1960 - The bathyscaphe USS Trieste breaks a depth record by descending to in the Pacific Ocean. 1961 - The Portuguese luxury cruise ship Santa Maria is hijacked by opponents of the Estado Novo regime with the intention of waging war until dictator António de Oliveira Salazar is overthrown. 1963 - The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence officially begins when PAIGC guerrilla fighters attack the Portuguese army stationed in Tite . 1964 - The 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution , prohibiting the use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified. 1967 - Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Ivory Coast are established. 1967 - Milton Keynes is founded as a new town by Order in Council , with a planning brief to become a city of 250,000 people. Its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of continuous settlement dating back to the Bronze Age . 1968 - USS Pueblo is attacked and seized by naval forces of North Korea. 1973 - United States President Richard Nixon announces that a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam . 1986 - The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts its first members: Little Richard , Chuck Berry , James Brown , Ray Charles , Sam Cooke , Fats Domino , The Everly Brothers , Buddy Holly , Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley . 1997 - Madeleine Albright becomes the first woman to serve as United States Secretary of State . 1998 - Netscape announced Mozilla , with the intention to release Communicator code as open source . 2001 - Five people attempt to set themselves on fire in Beijing's Tiananmen Square , an act that many people later claim is staged by the Communist Party of China to frame Falun Gong and thus escalate their persecution . 2002 - U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Karachi , Pakistan and subsequently murdered. 2003 - A very weak signal from Pioneer 10 is detected for the last time, but no usable data can be extracted. 2018 - A 7.9 earthquake occurs in the Gulf of Alaska . It is tied as the sixth-largest earthquake ever recorded in the United States, but there are no reports of significant damage or fatalities. 2018 - A double car bombing in Benghazi , Libya, kills at least 33 people and wounds "dozens" of others. The victims include both military personnel and civilians, according to local officials.Births 599 - Tai Zong , emperor of the Tang Dynasty 1350 - Vincent Ferrer , Spanish missionary and saint 1378 - Louis III, Elector Palatine 1514 - Hai Rui , Chinese politician 1585 - Mary Ward , English Catholic Religious Sister 1622 - Abraham Diepraam , Dutch painter 1719 - John Landen , English mathematician and theorist 1737 - John Hancock , American general and politician, 1st Governor of Massachusetts 1745 - William Jessop , English engineer, built the Cromford Canal 1752 - Muzio Clementi , Italian pianist, composer, and conductor 1780 - Georgios Karaiskakis , Greek general 1783 - Stendhal , French novelist 1786 - Auguste de Montferrand , French-Russian architect, designed Saint Isaac's Cathedral and Alexander Column 1799 - Alois Negrelli , Tyrolean engineer and railroad pioneer active in the Austrian Empire 1809 - Surendra Sai , Indian activist 1813 - Camilla Collett , Norwegian novelist and activist 1828 - Saigō Takamori , Japanese samurai 1832 - Édouard Manet , French painter 1833 - Muthu Coomaraswamy , Sri Lankan lawyer and politician 1838 - Marianne Cope , German-American nun and saint 1840 - Ernst Abbe , German physicist and engineer 1846 - Nikolay Umov , Russian physicist and mathematician 1855 - John Browning , American weapons designer, founded the Browning Arms Company 1857 - Andrija Mohorovičić , Croatian meteorologist and seismologist 1862 - David Hilbert , Russian-German mathematician and academic 1862 - Frank Shuman , American inventor and engineer 1872 - Paul Langevin , French physicist and academic 1872 - Jože Plečnik , Slovenian architect, designed Plečnik Parliament 1876 - Otto Diels , German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1878 - Rutland Boughton , English composer 1880 - Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama , Mexican politician 1889 - Claribel Kendall , American mathematician 1894 - Jyotirmoyee Devi , Indian author 1896 - Alf Blair , Australian rugby league player and coach 1896 - Alf Hall , English-South African cricketer 1897 - Subhas Chandra Bose , Indian activist and politician 1897 - Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky , Austrian architect 1897 - Ieva Simonaitytė , Lithuanian author 1897 - William Stephenson , Canadian captain and spy 1898 - Georg Kulenkampff , German violinist 1898 - Randolph Scott , American actor 1898 - Freda Utley , English scholar and author 1899 - Glen Kidston , English race car driver and pilot 1900 - William Ifor Jones , Welsh organist and conductor 1901 - Arthur Wirtz , American businessman 1903 - Jorge Eliécer Gaitán , Colombian lawyer and politician, 16th Minister of National Education of Colombia 1905 - Erich Borchmeyer , German sprinter 1907 - Dan Duryea , American actor and singer 1907 - Hideki Yukawa , Japanese physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1910 - Django Reinhardt , Belgian guitarist and composer 1912 - Boris Pokrovsky , Russian director and manager 1913 - Jean-Michel Atlan , Algerian-French painter 1913 - Wally Parks , American businessman, founded the National Hot Rod Association 1915 - Herma Bauma , Austrian javelin thrower and handball player 1915 - W. Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian-Barbadian economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1915 - Potter Stewart , American lawyer and judge 1916 - David Douglas Duncan , American photographer and journalist 1916 - Airey Neave , English colonel, lawyer, and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 1918 - Gertrude B. Elion, American biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate 1918 - Florence Rush , American social worker and theorist 1919 - Frances Bay , Canadian-American actress 1919 - Hans Hass , Austrian biologist and diver 1919 - Ernie Kovacs , American actor and game show host 1919 - Bob Paisley , English footballer and manager 1920 - Gottfried Böhm , German architect 1920 - Henry Eriksson , Swedish runner 1920 - Walter Frederick Morrison, American businessman, invented the Frisbee 1922 - Leon Golub , American painter and academic 1922 - Tom Lewis , Australian politician, 33rd Premier of New South Wales 1923 - Horace Ashenfelter , American runner 1923 - Cot Deal , American baseball player and coach 1923 - Walter M. Miller, Jr., American soldier and author 1924 - Frank Lautenberg , American soldier, businessman, and politician 1925 - Marty Paich , American pianist, composer, producer, and conductor 1926 - Bal Thackeray , Indian journalist, cartoonist, and politician 1927 - Lars-Eric Lindblad , Swedish-American businessman and explorer 1927 - Fred Williams , Australian painter 1928 - Chico Carrasquel , Venezuelan baseball player and manager 1928 - Jeanne Moreau , French actress 1929 - Myron Cope , American journalist and sportscaster 1929 - Phillip Knightley , Australian journalist, author, and critic 1929 - John Polanyi , German-Canadian chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1930 - Filaret , Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan 1930 - Mervyn Rose , Australian tennis player 1930 - Derek Walcott , Saint Lucian poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate 1932 - George Allen , English footballer 1932 - Larri Thomas , American actress and dancer 1933 - Bill Hayden , Australian politician, 21st Governor General of Australia 1933 - Chita Rivera , American actress, singer, and dancer 1934 - Pierre Bourgault , Canadian journalist and politician 1935 - Mike Agostini , Trinidadian sprinter 1935 - Tom Reamy , American author 1935 - Teresa Żylis-Gara , Polish operatic soprano 1936 - Brian Howe , Australian minister and politician, 8th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia 1936 - Jerry Kramer , American football player and sportscaster 1936 - Cécile Ousset , French pianist 1938 - Giant Baba , Japanese wrestler and promoter, founded All Japan Pro Wrestling 1938 - Georg Baselitz , German painter and sculptor 1939 - Ed Roberts , American disability rights activist 1940 - Alan Cheuse , American writer and critic 1940 - Joe Dowell , American pop singer 1941 - Jock R. Anderson, Australian economist and academic 1941 - João Ubaldo Ribeiro , Brazilian journalist, author, and academic 1942 - Laurie Mayne , Australian cricketer 1942 - Herman Tjeenk Willink , Dutch judge and politician 1942 - Phil Clarke , New Zealand rugby union player 1943 - Gary Burton , American vibraphone player and composer 1943 - Özhan Canaydın , Turkish basketball player and businessman 1943 - Gil Gerard , American actor and producer 1944 - Rutger Hauer , Dutch actor, director, and producer 1945 - Mike Harris , Canadian politician, 22nd Premier of Ontario 1946 - Arnoldo Alemán , Nicaraguan lawyer and politician, President of Nicaragua 1946 - Boris Berezovsky , Russian-English businessman and mathematician 1946 - Zvonko Bušić , Croatian terrorist, hijacker of TWA Flight 355 1946 - Don Whittington , American race car driver 1947 - Tom Carper , American captain and politician, 71st Governor of Delaware 1947 - Megawati Sukarnoputri , Indonesian politician, 5th President of Indonesia 1948 - Anita Pointer , American R&B/soul singer-songwriter 1950 - Richard Dean Anderson , American actor, producer, and composer 1950 - Bill Cunningham , American bass and keyboard player 1950 - Guida Maria , Portuguese actress 1950 - Suzanne Scotchmer , American economist and academic 1950 - Luis Alberto Spinetta , Argentinian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and poet 1951 - Margaret Bailes , American sprinter 1951 - Chesley Sullenberger , American captain and pilot 1952 - Omar Henry , South African cricketer 1953 - John Luther Adams , American composer 1953 - Alister McGrath , Irish priest, historian, and theologian 1953 - Antonio Villaraigosa , American politician, 41st Mayor of Los Angeles 1953 - Robin Zander , American rock singer-songwriter and guitarist 1954 - Trevor Hohns , Australian cricketer 1957 - Caroline, Princess of Hanover 1958 - Sergey Litvinov , Russian hammer thrower 1959 - Clive Bull , English radio host 1960 - Jean-François Sauvé , Canadian ice hockey player 1960 - Greg Ritchie , Australian cricketer 1961 - Neil Henry , Australian rugby league player and coach 1961 - Yelena Sinchukova , Russian long jumper 1962 - David Arnold , English composer 1962 - Aivar Lillevere , Estonian footballer and coach 1962 - Elvira Lindo , Spanish journalist and author 1964 - Jonatha Brooke , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1964 - Mariska Hargitay , American actress and producer 1964 - Bharrat Jagdeo , Guyanese economist and politician, 7th President of Guyana 1964 - Mario Roberge , Canadian ice hockey player 1965 - Louie Clemente , American drummer 1966 - Damien Hardman , Australian surfer 1966 - Haywoode Workman , American basketball player and referee 1967 - Owen Cunningham , Australian rugby league player 1968 - Taro Hakase , Japanese violinist and composer 1968 - Petr Korda , Czech-Monacan tennis player 1969 - Andrei Kanchelskis , Ukrainian-Russian footballer and manager 1969 - Brendan Shanahan , Canadian ice hockey player and actor 1969 - Susen Tiedtke , German long jumper 1970 - Spyridon Vasdekis , Greek long jumper 1971 - Scott Gibbs , Welsh-South African rugby player and sportscaster 1971 - Kevin Mawae , American football player and coach 1971 - Marc Nelson , American singer-songwriter 1971 - Adam Parore , New Zealand cricketer and mountaineer 1971 - Claire Rankin , Canadian actress 1971 - Lisa Snowdon , English television and radio presenter and fashion model 1972 - Ewen Bremner , Scottish actor 1973 - Tomas Holmström , Swedish ice hockey player 1974 - Glen Chapple , English cricketer 1974 - Rebekah Elmaloglou , Australian actress 1974 - Yosvani Pérez , Cuban baseball player 1974 - Richard T. Slone, English painter 1974 - Tiffani Thiessen , American actress 1975 - Nick Harmer , German musician 1975 - Phil Dawson , American football player 1976 - Brandon Duckworth , American baseball player and scout 1976 - Anne Margrethe Hausken , Norwegian orienteering competitor 1976 - Alex Shaffer , American skier 1979 - Larry Hughes , American basketball player 1979 - Dawn O'Porter , Scottish-English fashion designer and journalist 1979 - Juan Rincón , Venezuelan baseball player and coach 1981 - Rob Friend , Canadian soccer player 1982 - Wily Mo Peña , Dominican baseball player 1982 - Oceana Mahlmann , German singer and songwriter 1982 - Andrew Rock , American sprinter 1983 - Irving Saladino , Panamanian long jumper 1984 - Robbie Farah , Australian rugby league player 1984 - Arjen Robben , Dutch footballer 1985 - Dong Fangzhuo , Chinese footballer 1985 - Doutzen Kroes , Dutch model and actress 1985 - Yevgeny Lukyanenko , Russian pole vaulter 1985 - Aselefech Mergia , Ethiopian runner 1985 - Jeff Samardzija , American baseball player 1985 - San E , South Korean rapper 1986 - Gelete Burka , Ethiopian runner 1986 - Marc Laird , Scottish footballer 1986 - José Enrique , Spanish footballer 1986 - Michael Stevens , American YouTuber and educator 1986 - Steven Taylor , English footballer 1986 - Sandro Viletta , Swiss skier 1987 - Leo Komarov , Finnish ice hockey player 1988 - Shaun Kenny-Dowall , Australian-New Zealand rugby league player 1990 - Şener Özbayraklı , Turkish footballer 1990 - Alex Silva , Canadian wrestler 1990 - Martyn Waghorn , English footballer 1992 - Reina Triendl , Japanese model and actress 1994 - Addison Russell , American baseball player 1995 - Luke Bateman , Australian rugby league player 1995 - Tuimoala Lolohea , New Zealand rugby league player 1998 - XXXTentacion , American rapperDeaths 667 - Ildefonsus , bishop of Toledo 989 - Adalbero , archbishop of Reims 1002 - Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor 1199 - Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur , Moroccan caliph 1252 - Isabella, Queen of Armenia 1297 - Florent of Hainaut , Prince of Achaea 1423 - Margaret of Bavaria , Burgundian regent 1516 - Ferdinand II of Aragon 1548 - Bernardo Pisano , Italian priest, scholar, and composer 1549 - Johannes Honter , Romanian-Hungarian cartographer and theologian 1567 - Jiajing Emperor of China 1570 - James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, Scottish politician 1620 - John Croke , English politician and judge 1622 - William Baffin , English explorer and navigator 1650 - Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke 1744 - Giambattista Vico , Italian historian and philosopher 1785 - Matthew Stewart , Scottish mathematician and academic 1789 - Frances Brooke , English author and playwright 1789 - John Cleland , English author 1800 - Edward Rutledge , American captain and politician, 39th Governor of South Carolina 1803 - Arthur Guinness , Irish brewer, founded Guinness 1805 - Claude Chappe , French engineer 1806 - William Pitt the Younger , English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1810 - Johann Wilhelm Ritter , German chemist and physicist 1812 - Robert Craufurd , Scottish general and politician 1820 - Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn 1833 - Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth , English admiral and politician 1837 - John Field , Irish pianist and composer 1866 - Thomas Love Peacock , English author and poet 1875 - Charles Kingsley English priest and author 1883 - Gustave Doré , French engraver and illustrator 1893 - Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II , American lawyer and politician, 16th United States Secretary of the Interior 1893 - José Zorrilla , Spanish poet and playwright 1921 - Mykola Leontovych , Ukrainian composer and conductor 1922 - René Beeh , Alsatian painter and draughtsman 1922 - Arthur Nikisch , Hungarian conductor and academic 1923 - Max Nordau , Austrian physician and author 1931 - Anna Pavlova , Russian-English ballerina 1937 - Orso Mario Corbino , Italian physicist and politician 1939 - Matthias Sindelar , Austrian footballer and manager 1943 - Alexander Woollcott , American actor, playwright, and critic 1944 - Edvard Munch , Norwegian painter and illustrator 1947 - Pierre Bonnard , French painter 1956 - Alexander Korda , Hungarian-English director and producer 1963 - Józef Gosławski , Polish sculptor 1966 - T. M. Sabaratnam, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician 1971 - Fritz Feigl , Austrian-Brazilian chemist and academic 1973 - Alexander Onassis , American-Greek businessman 1973 - Kid Ory , American trombonist, composer, and bandleader 1976 - Paul Robeson , American actor, singer, and activist 1977 - Toots Shor , American businessman, founded Toots Shor's Restaurant 1978 - Terry Kath , American guitarist and songwriter 1978 - Jack Oakie , American actor 1980 - Giovanni Michelotti , Italian engineer 1981 - Samuel Barber , American pianist and composer 1983 - Fred Bakewell , English cricketer and coach 1984 - Muin Bseiso , Palestinian-Egyptian poet and critic 1985 - James Beard , American chef and cookbook author for whom the James Beard Foundation Awards are named 1986 - Joseph Beuys , German sculptor and painter 1988 - Charles Glen King , American biochemist and academic 1989 - Salvador Dalí , Spanish painter and sculptor 1989 - Lars-Erik Torph , Swedish race car driver 1990 - Allen Collins , American guitarist and songwriter 1991 - Northrop Frye , Canadian author and critic 1992 - Freddie Bartholomew , American actor 1993 - Keith Laumer , American soldier, author, and diplomat 1994 - Nikolai Ogarkov , Russian field marshal 1994 - Brian Redhead , English journalist and author 1999 - Joe D'Amato , Italian director and cinematographer 1999 - Jay Pritzker , American businessman, co-founded the Hyatt Corporation 2002 - Paul Aars , American race car driver 2002 - Pierre Bourdieu , French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher 2002 - Robert Nozick , American philosopher, author, and academic 2003 - Nell Carter , American actress and singer 2004 - Bob Keeshan , American television personality and producer 2004 - Helmut Newton , German-Australian photographer 2005 - Morys Bruce, 4th Baron Aberdare , English lieutenant and politician 2005 - Johnny Carson , American talk show host, television personality, and producer 2007 - Syed Hussein Alatas , Malaysian sociologist and politician 2007 - E. Howard Hunt, American CIA officer 2007 - Ryszard Kapuściński , Polish journalist and author 2009 - Robert W. Scott, American farmer and politician, 67th Governor of North Carolina 2010 - Kermit Tyler , American colonel and pilot 2010 - Earl Wild , American pianist and composer 2011 - Jack LaLanne , American fitness instructor, author, and television host 2012 - Wesley E. Brown, American lawyer and jurist 2012 - Maurice Meisner , American historian, author, and academic 2012 - Bingham Ray , American businessman, co-founded October Films 2013 - Józef Glemp , Polish cardinal 2013 - Peter van der Merwe , South African cricketer and referee 2013 - Jean-Félix-Albert-Marie Vilnet , French bishop 2014 - Yuri Izrael , Russian meteorologist and journalist 2014 - Riz Ortolani , Italian composer and conductor 2015 - Ernie Banks , American baseball player and coach 2015 - Prosper Ego , Dutch activist, founded the Oud-Strijders Legioen 2015 - Abdullah of Saudi Arabia 2016 - Jimmy Bain , Scottish bassist 2016 - Bobby Wanzer , American basketball player and coach 2017 - Bobby Freeman , American singer, songwriter and record producer 2017 - Gorden Kaye , English actor 2018 - Hugh Masekela , South African trumpeter, composer and singer 2018 - Nicanor Parra , Chilean poet 2018 - Wyatt Tee Walker , American civil rights activist and pastorHolidays and observances Bounty Day Christian feast day: *Abakuh *Marianne of Molokai *Emerentiana *Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary *Ildefonsus of Toledo *Phillips Brooks *January 23 Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's Jayanti World Freedom Day
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