Jangladesh
Jangladesh also known as Jangal Pradesh was a historical region in north, north-western and north-eastern Rajasthan state in northern India. It included the present-day districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, and Hanumangarh.
It was bounded on the south by Marwar and Jaisalmer regions, on the east by Ajmer-Merwara region. There is mention of this province in Bhisma Parva of Mahabharata.
It was bounded on the south by Marwar and Jaisalmer regions, on the east by Ajmer-Merwara region. The region for centuries was an Abhira kingdom.
History
There is mention of this province in Bhisma Parva of Mahabharata. At what period the Jat people established themselves in the Indian desert is not known. By the 4th century they had spread up to Punjab in India.The north-eastern and north-western Rajasthan, known by the name Jangladesh in ancient times, was inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law. Besides these cantons there were several clan of Jat people, simultaneously wrested from Rajput proprietors for instance Bhukar, Bhadu, Chahar. It is said about Jat territories that Saat Patti Sattavan Majh. Following are the main clans and their heads with capital and number of villages in each territory.,
Table of Jat Kingdoms in Jangladesh:
| S.No. | Name of Kingdom | Name of King | No. of villages | Capital | Names of districts |
| 1. | Sihag | Chokha Singh | 150 | Suin | Rawatsar, Baramsar, Purabsar Dandusar, Gandaisi |
| 2. | Beniwal | Raisal Singh | 150 | Rasalana | Bhukarka, Sanduri, Manoharpur, Kooi, Bae |
| 3. | Johiya | Sher Singh | 600 | Bhurupal | Jaitpur, Kumanu, Mahajan, Peepasar, Udasar |
| 4. | Punia | Kanha Singh | 300 | Luddi | Bhadra, Ajitpura, Sidhmukh, Rajgarh, Dadrewa, Sankhoo |
| 5. | Saharan | Pula Singh | 300 | Bhadang | Khejra, Phoglo, Buchawas, Sui, Badnu, Sirsila |
| 6. | Godara | Pandu Singh | 700 | Shekhsar | Shekhsar, Pundrasar, Gusainsar, Gharsisar, Garibdesar, Rungaysar, Kalu |
| 7. | Kaswan | Kanwarpal Singh | 400 | Sidhmukh |
Most of Jat clans in Rajasthan had to accept Rathor's suzerainty in mughal times due to the rathores having made alliance with the mughals.,
Other republics in Jangladesh
- Bhadu - Bhadus were rulers in Jangladesh where they established an important city Bhadra. Samantraj was a popular ruler of Bhadus. Bhadus had a war with 'Bhagore' people and after capturing it they moved to Marwar area. Bhadus also occupied many villages in Ajmer-Merwara.
- Bhati - Jat Bhatis ruled Bhatner, presently Hanumangarh, and Bhatinda. Bhatner was historically important because it was situated on route of invaders from Central Asia to India.
- Bhukar - Bhukars were initially settled at Sambhar in Rajasthan. They were the rulers in this area and their ruling method was that of 'Bhomia-chor'. Gothra Bhukaran was their capital.
- Chahar - In the thirteenth century, a Chahar Jat, Raja Maldeo ruled at Sidhmukh in Jangladesh.
- Jakhar - The king of the Jakhar clan, Jakhbhadra, settled in Jangladesh and made his capital at Reni. At a later date, the Jakhars established a kingdom, the ruins of which are found at Madhauli, which was in the princely state of Jaipur.
- Sangwan - The Sangwan jats ruled at Sarsu in Jangladesh region of Rajasthan in 8th to 10th century.
- Sahu - They have been the rulers of a small republic in Jangladesh. Their capital was at village Dhansia, situated at a distance of 65 km in northwest of Churu town. There were 84 villages in their territory.,