Infrared spectroscopy correlation table
An infrared spectroscopy correlation table is a list of absorption peaks and frequencies, typically reported in wavenumber, for common types of molecular bonds and functional groups. In physical and analytical chemistry, infrared spectroscopy is a technique used to identify chemical compounds based on the way infrared radiation is absorbed by the compound.
The absorptions in this range do not apply only to bonds in organic molecules. IR spectroscopy is useful when it comes to analysis of inorganic compounds as well.
Group frequencies
Tables of vibrational transitions of stable and transient molecules are also available.Bond | Type of bond | Specific type of bond | Absorption peak | Appearance |
C─H | alkyl | methyl | 1260 | strong |
C─H | alkyl | methyl | 1380 | weak |
C─H | alkyl | methyl | 2870 | medium to strong |
C─H | alkyl | methyl | 2960 | medium to strong |
C─H | alkyl | methylene | 1470 | strong |
C─H | alkyl | methylene | 2850 | medium to strong |
C─H | alkyl | methylene | 2925 | medium to strong |
C─H | alkyl | methine | 2890 | weak |
C─H | vinyl | C═CH2 | 900 | strong |
C─H | vinyl | C═CH2 | 2975 | medium |
C─H | vinyl | C═CH2 | 3080 | medium |
C─H | vinyl | C═CH | 3020 | medium |
C─H | vinyl | monosubstituted alkenes | 900 | strong |
C─H | vinyl | monosubstituted alkenes | 990 | strong |
C─H | vinyl | cis-disubstituted alkenes | 670–700 | strong |
C─H | vinyl | trans-disubstituted alkenes | 965 | strong |
C─H | vinyl | trisubstituted alkenes | 800–840 | strong to medium |
C─H | aromatic | benzene/sub. benzene | 3070 | weak |
C─H | aromatic | monosubstituted benzene | 700–750 | strong |
C─H | aromatic | monosubstituted benzene | 690–710 | strong |
C─H | aromatic | ortho-disub. benzene | 750 | strong |
C─H | aromatic | meta-disub. benzene | 750–800 | strong |
C─H | aromatic | meta-disub. benzene | 860–900 | strong |
C─H | aromatic | para-disub. benzene | 800–860 | strong |
C─H | alkynes | any | 3300 | medium |
C─H | aldehydes | any | 2720 | medium |
C─H | aldehydes | any | 2820 | medium |
C═C | acyclic C═C | monosub. alkenes | 1645 | medium |
C═C | acyclic C═C | 1,1-disub. alkenes | 1655 | medium |
C═C | acyclic C═C | cis-1,2-disub. alkenes | 1660 | medium |
C═C | acyclic C═C | trans-1,2-disub. alkenes | 1675 | medium |
C═C | acyclic C═C | trisub., tetrasub. alkenes | 1670 | weak |
C═C | conjugated C═C | dienes | 1600 | strong |
C═C | conjugated C═C | dienes | 1650 | strong |
C═C | with benzene ring | dienes | 1625 | strong |
C═C | with C═O | dienes | 1600 | strong |
C═C | C═C | any | 1640–1680 | medium |
C═C | aromatic C═C | any | 1450 | weak to strong |
C═C | aromatic C═C | any | 1500 | weak to strong |
C═C | aromatic C═C | any | 1580 | weak to strong |
C═C | aromatic C═C | any | 1600 | weak to strong |
C═C | C≡C | terminal alkynes | 2100–2140 | weak |
C═C | C≡C | disubst. alkynes | 2190–2260 | very weak |
C=O | aldehyde/ketone | saturated aliph./cyclic 6-membered | 1720 | |
C=O | aldehyde/ketone | α,β-unsaturated | 1685 | |
C=O | aldehyde/ketone | aromatic ketones | 1685 | |
C=O | aldehyde/ketone | cyclic 5-membered | 1750 | |
C=O | aldehyde/ketone | cyclic 4-membered | 1775 | |
C=O | aldehyde/ketone | aldehydes | 1725 | influenced by conjugation |
C=O | carboxylic acids/derivates | saturated carboxylic acids | 1710 | |
C=O | carboxylic acids/derivates | unsat./aromatic carb. acids | 1680–1690 | |
C=O | carboxylic acids/derivates | esters and lactones | 1735 | influenced by conjugation and ring size |
C=O | carboxylic acids/derivates | anhydrides | 1760 | |
C=O | carboxylic acids/derivates | anhydrides | 1820 | |
C=O | carboxylic acids/derivates | acyl halides | 1800 | |
C=O | carboxylic acids/derivates | amides | 1650 | associated amides |
C=O | carboxylic acids/derivates | carboxylates | 1550–1610 | |
C=O | carboxylic acids/derivates | amino acid zwitterions | 1550–1610 | |
O─H | alcohols, phenols | low concentration | 3610–3670 | |
O─H | alcohols, phenols | high concentration | 3200–3400 | broad |
O─H | carboxylic acids | low concentration | 3500–3560 | |
O─H | carboxylic acids | high concentration | 3000 | broad |
N─H | primary amines | any | 3400–3500 | strong |
N─H | primary amines | any | 1560–1640 | strong |
N─H | secondary amines | any | >3000 | weak to medium |
N─H | ammonium ions | any | 2400–3200 | multiple broad peaks |
C─O | alcohols | primary | 1040–1060 | strong, broad |
C─O | alcohols | secondary | ~1100 | strong |
C─O | alcohols | tertiary | 1150–1200 | medium |
C─O | phenols | any | 1200 | |
C─O | ethers | aliphatic | 1120 | |
C─O | ethers | aromatic | 1220–1260 | |
C─O | carboxylic acids | any | 1250–1300 | |
C─O | esters | any | 1100–1300 | two bands |
C─N | aliphatic amines | any | 1020–1220 | often overlapped |
C─N | C═N | any | 1615–1700 | similar conjugation effects to C═O |
C─N | C≡N | unconjugated | 2250 | medium |
C─N | C≡N | conjugated | 2230 | medium |
C─N | R─N─C | any | 2165–2110 | |
C─N | R─N═C═S | any | 2140–1990 | |
C─X | fluoroalkanes | ordinary | 1000–1100 | |
C─X | fluoroalkanes | trifluromethyl | 1100–1200 | two strong, broad bands |
C─X | chloroalkanes | any | 540–760 | weak to medium |
C─X | bromoalkanes | any | 500–600 | medium to strong |
C─X | iodoalkanes | any | 500 | medium to strong |
N─O | nitro compounds | aliphatic | 1540 | stronger |
N─O | nitro compounds | aliphatic | 1380 | weaker |
N─O | nitro compounds | aromatic | 1520 | lower if conjugated |
N─O | nitro compounds | aromatic | 1350 | lower if conjugated |
P─C | Organophosphorus compound | aromatic | 1440-1460 | medium |
P─O | phosphorus oxide | bonded | 1195-1250 | strong |
P─O | phosphorus oxide | free | 1250-1300 | strong |