The Dlamini dynasty traces itself back to a chief Dlamini I, who is said to have migrated with the Swazi people from East Africa through Tanzania and Mozambique. Ngwane III, however, is often considered to be the first King of modern Eswatini, who ruled from 1745 to 1780. In the early years of the Dlamini dynasty, the people and the country in which they resided was called Ngwane, after Ngwane III. In the early 19th century, the Dlamini centre of power shifted to the central part of Eswatini, known as Ezulwini valley. This occurred during the rule of Sobhuza I. In the south of the country, tensions between the Ngwane and the Ndwandwe led to armed conflict. To escape this conflict, Sobhuza moved his royal capital to Zombodze. In this process, he conquered many of the earlier inhabitants of the country, thereby incorporating them under his rule. Later on, Sobhuza was able to strategically avoid conflict with the powerful Zulu kingdom which was now ruling in the south of the Pongola River. The Dlamini dynasty grew in strength and ruled over a large country encompassing the whole of present Eswatini during this time.
The royal family
The royal family includes, but is not strictly limited to, the king, the queen mother, the king's wives, the king's children, as well as the king's siblings, the king's half-siblings and their families. Due to the practice of polygamy, the number of people who can be counted as members of the royal family is relatively large. For example, His MajestyKing Mswati III is thought to have over 200 brothers and sisters. Members of the royal family, including the king himself, have often courted both internal and international controversy. The king and his household have been criticized for their lavish spending in a country with high poverty rates. Reports have claimed that the king's large number of spouses and children "take up a huge chunk of the budget" and that "The royal family seems to live in its own world that is totally unaffected by the country's struggles". The king's siblings include Mantfombi Dlamini, the Queen of the Zulus of South Africa, while one of his in-laws is Princess Zenani Mandela-Dlamini, a member of the Mandela chieftaincy family of Mvezo, South Africa. Several members of the royal family have been educated abroad: King Mswati III spent several years at Sherborne School, in Dorset, England and his eldest daughter Inkhosatana Sikhanyiso Dlamini has studied at St Edmund's College, Ware, in Hertfordshire, and Biola University, in California, United States. Prince Banele Maphevu Dlamini did a few years of his studies in New York City, USA. He was also part of the adjudication panel for SAIIA in their annual model UN debates and one of four that represented South Africa at the United Nations for international youth debates. The current official residence of the royal family is the Ludzindzini Palace in Lobamba; other royal palaces exist for the queen consorts. He has received criticism for his "lavish" spending habits.
