Hopewell, New Jersey


Hopewell is a borough in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 1,922, reflecting a decline of 113 from the 2,035 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 67 from the 1,968 counted in the 1990 Census.
Hopewell was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 14, 1891, from portions of Hopewell Township, based on the results of a referendum held on March 21, 1891. Additional portions of Hopewell Township were annexed in 1915 and the borough was reincorporated in 1924.

History

Colonial era

The Lenape Native Americans were the original inhabitants of the area that would later become Hopewell. The first Colonial influence in Hopewell by European settlers was the purchase of a tract of land by Daniel Coxe a Royal British governor of West Jersey, in the latter half of the 17th century. All land in Hopewell can be traced back to this purchase. In 1691 Coxe, transferred his land to a company called The West Jersey Society of England, who intended to sell the land. The society appointed an agent, Thomas Revell, to preside over the land and sell it to prospective buyers. Revell then attracted settlers from New England, Long Island, and New Jersey falsely claiming that the land was fertile, and tame. However, the families that arrived in Hopewell only found vast stretches of wilderness. The first settler in Hopewell Valley was Thomas Tindall who on November 10, 1699, bought a tract of land from The West Jersey Society of England through Revell, for "ten pounds per hundred acres". Other early settlers in Hopewell are said to be the Stouts, who immigrated from Holmdel to Hopewell in 1706, including Jonathan Stout, who had hunted in the area together with the Lenape. Perhaps the first conflict between colonists in Hopewell was the dispute between Revell and the early inhabitants of Hopewell, who realized that their deeds were worthless due to Revell's false claims. Fifty settlers then organized a class action lawsuit against Revell and the West Jersey Society. A lengthy trial was held in Burlington and the court ultimately ruled against the settlers, who were forced to repurchase their land or relocate. Many settlers weren't able to repay and moved north into North Jersey and New York.
On April 23, 1715, the settlers who stayed in Hopewell, most notably the Stout family, organized the Old School Baptist Church, and what is now known as Hopewell was then referred to as "Baptist Meetinghouse". One of the most valued members of the meeting house was Declaration of Independence signer John Hart who in 1740 purchased of land in the north of current day Hopewell, and in 1747 as a sign of Hart's devotion to the Church, donated a plot of his land to the Baptists. The next year the Baptists made good use of this land and in 1748 erected their Old School Baptist Church meeting house on West Broad Street. The meeting house brought in Baptists from miles around to Hopewell and encouraged Hopewell's early growth.
Numerous lumber mills were established in and around Hopewell at this time to process the lumber that was generated from the clearing of forests for farms.
In 1756, Isaac Eaton the first pastor of the Old School Baptist Church established the Hopewell Academy. One of his students, James Manning, would go on to establish Brown University in 1765.

Frog war

The first railroad to reach Hopewell was the Mercer and Somerset Railway, which was backed by the Pennsylvania Railroad. It was created largely to protect the monopoly the Pennsylvania Railroad had on New Jersey, by cutting off the first separately owned railroad in New Jersey, the Delaware and Bound Brook Railroad, by being built in the way of it. It was completed in 1874. The Delaware and Bound Brook reached Hopewell in 1876, but the railroad had to cross the Mercer and Somerset's track just to the northwest of Hopewell. A dispute occurred at the crossing, known as a frog, and escalated into each company parking locomotives over the crossing to prevent the other company from moving trains over it. Eventually, militia had to be called in to keep the peace, and the Delaware and Bound Brook prevailed. Soon after the Frog War the Mercer and Somerset was liquidated having failed at its purpose. Some of the abandoned right of way for the Mercer and Somerset in Hopewell became Model Avenue. The Delaware and Bound Brook was leased by the Philadelphia and Reading in 1879 for 999 years, and has become the CSX Trenton Line and is still in use today. The Frog is also what gives Hopewell Elementary school its mascot, "Freddy the Frog" in honor of the Hopewell frog war.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 0.703 square miles, all of which was land.
The borough is an independent municipality surrounded entirely by Hopewell Township, making it part one of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another.

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Hopewell Borough, New Jersey has a hot-summer, wet all year, humid continental climate. Dfa climates are characterized by at least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ 32.0 °F, at least four months with an average mean temperature ≥ 50.0 °F, at least one month with an average mean temperature ≥ 71.6 °F, and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. During the summer months, episodes of extreme heat and humidity can occur with heat index values ≥ 100 °F. On average, the wettest month of the year is July which corresponds with the annual peak in thunderstorm activity. During the winter months, episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < 0 °F. The plant hardiness zone at the Hopewell Borough Municipal Court is 6b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of -1.2 °F. The average seasonal snowfall total is, and the average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity.

Ecology

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Hopewell Borough, New Jersey would have an Appalachian Oak vegetation type with an Eastern Hardwood Forest vegetation form.

Demographics

Census 2010

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $105,417 and the median family income was $125,066. Males had a median income of $91,375 versus $55,357 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $50,910. About none of families and 0.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Census 2000

As of the 2000 United States Census there were 2,035 people, 813 households, and 561 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,963.7 people per square mile. There were 836 housing units at an average density of 1,217.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the borough was 95.43% White, 1.08% African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.98% Asian, 1.23% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.31% of the population.
There were 813 households, out of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the borough, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $77,270, and the median income for a family was $91,205. Males had a median income of $52,656 versus $47,315 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $38,413. None of the families and 2.1% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 5.2% of those over 64.

Government

Local government

Hopewell is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body consists of a Mayor and a Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council has six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The Borough form of government used by Hopewell is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council. All legislative powers of the Borough of Hopewell are exercised by the Borough Council in the form of a resolution, ordinance or proclamation.
, the Mayor of Hopewell is Democrat Paul Anzano, whose term expires December 31, 2023. Members of the Borough Council are Council President Charles Schuyler Morehouse, Chris M. Fossell, Ryan Kennedy, David Mackie, Samara McAuliffe and Debra Stuhler.

Public library

The Hopewell Public Library was founded March 14, 1914, and was originally located at Broad and Mercer Streets in an old harness shop. The Hopewell Post Office had replaced the old bank building in 1915 and the Hopewell Public Library moved to its current location in the old Hopewell National Bank building in 1965.
In 2014, the library began looking for a new space, citing the lack of a parking lot and non-ADA compliant steps an issue with serving the general public. The library estimated that it needed to raise $1.2 million to cover the cost of the new building.

Federal, state and county representation

Hopewell Borough is located in the 12th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 15th state legislative district.

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 1,473 registered voters in Hopewell Borough, of which 664 were registered as Democrats, 264 were registered as Republicans and 544 were registered as Unaffiliated. There was one voter registered to the Green Party.
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 71.4% of the vote, ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 27.4%, and other candidates with 1.1%, among the 1,256 ballots cast by the borough's 1,530 registered voters, for a turnout of 82.1%. In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 71.7% of the vote, ahead of Republican John McCain with 26.0% and other candidates with 1.3%, among the 1,173 ballots cast by the borough's 1,493 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.6%. In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 65.0% of the vote, outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 32.6% and other candidates with 0.6%, among the 1,213 ballots cast by the borough's 1,437 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 84.4.
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 53.3% of the vote, ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 44.0%, and other candidates with 2.7%, among the 792 ballots cast by the borough's 1,518 registered voters, for a turnout of 52.2%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 56.7% of the vote, ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 32.3%, Independent Chris Daggett with 10.0% and other candidates with 0.6%, among the 902 ballots cast by the borough's 1,466 registered voters, yielding a 61.5% turnout.

Education

Public school students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade attend the Hopewell Valley Regional School District. The comprehensive regional public school district serves students from Hopewell Borough, Hopewell Township and Pennington Borough. As of the 2017–18 school year, the district and its six schools had an enrollment of 3,572 students and 347.5 classroom teachers, for a student–teacher ratio of 10.3:1. Schools in the district are
Bear Tavern Elementary School,
Hopewell Elementary School,
Stony Brook Elementary School,
Toll Gate Grammar School,
Timberlane Middle School with 841 students in grades 6-8 and
Hopewell Valley Central High School with an enrollment of 1,153 students in grades 9 - 12. Elementary school students from Hopewell Borough attend Hopewell Elementary School. The district's Board of Education is composed of nine members allocated to each of the three municipalities based on population, with Hopewell assigned a single seat.
Eighth grade students from all of Mercer County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Mercer County Technical Schools, a county-wide vocational school district that offers full-time career and technical education at its Health Sciences Academy, STEM Academy and Academy of Culinary Arts, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.

Transportation

Roads and highways

, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality and by Mercer County.
Hopewell has four major roads that travel through it.
Route 31 is accessible via Route 518 and Route 654.

Rail

is planning to restore passenger commuter rail service to Hopewell on the West Trenton Line. NJ Transit plans to use the existing one-track right of way that CSX owns through Hopewell, the former four-track Reading Company Trenton Line. The proposed plan includes double tracking most of the CSX line to increase capacity and construction of a new rail station on Somerset Street. The use of the historic Hopewell Station is not under consideration in this current proposal. The line would connect Hopewell with New York City, as well as Philadelphia via a SEPTA connection in West Trenton and restore service to Hopewell, which ended in 1982.

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Hopewell include: