Global Greens
The Global Greens is an international network of political parties and movements which work to implement the Global Greens Charter. It consists of various national Green political parties, partner networks, and other organizations associated with green politics.
Formed in 2001 at the First Global Greens Congress, the network has grown to include 80 full member parties and 18 observers and associate parties as of February 2019. It is governed by a 12-member steering committee called the Global Greens Coordination, and each member party falls under the umbrella of one of four affiliated regional green federations. The day-to-day operations of the Global Greens are managed by the Secretariat, led by Global Greens Convenor Keli Yen since 2015.
History
The world's first green parties were founded in 1972. These were in the Australian state of Tasmania and in New Zealand. Others followed quickly: in 1973, PEOPLE was set up in the UK, and in other European countries Green and radical parties sprang up in the following years.Petra Kelly, a German ecofeminist activist, is often cited as one of the first thinkers and leaders of the green politics movement. Her work in founding the German Green Party in West Germany in 1980 was instrumental in bringing prominence to green political parties on both the national and international stages.
The first Planetary Meeting of the Greens was held in Rio de Janeiro on May 30–31, 1992 in conjunction with the Rio Earth Summit being concurrently held in Brazil. It was here that the first ever Global Greens statement was issued, beginning with this preface:
"Experience teaches us that governments are only moved to take environmental problems seriously when people vote for environmental political parties."
The first Global Greens Congress was held in Canberra, Australia, in 2001. The official Global Greens Charter was issued here and the Congress delegates set up the framework and organizational structures that would build the Global Greens into an ongoing international network and movement, including the Global Greens Coordination. In 2010, the first Global Greens Secretary was appointed.
Global Greens Charter
The Global Greens Charter is the guiding document that establishes the principles and "core values" to which member parties and associated organizations should attempt to adhere. It sets out global principles that cross boundaries to bind Greens from around the world together:- Participatory Democracy
- Nonviolence
- Social Justice
- Sustainability
- Respect for Diversity
- Ecological Wisdom
The Global Greens Charter has been reviewed and updated twice during Global Greens Congresses since its original publishing in 2001: once in Dakar, Senegal in 2012, and again in Liverpool, U.K., in 2017. The updated 2017 version is offered in English, and past versions can be accessed in 11 various languages.
Regional Federations of the Global Greens
The Global Greens are organized into four regional federations across the world:- Asia Pacific Greens Federation
- European Green Party
- Federation of Green Parties of Africa
- Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas
Global Greens Coordination
Global Greens Congress
The Global Greens have held four Congresses since 2001 in various locations around the world:- 2001 - Canberra, Australia
- 2008 - São Paulo, Brazil
- 2012 - Dakar, Senegal
- 2017 - Liverpool, U.K.
Networks
The Global Greens have five networks designed to enable global collaboration, communication and community among member parties and organizations:- Friends of Global Greens
- *This network is composed of Green parties, parliamentarians and activists who make recurring donations of any amount to the Global Greens.
- Global Greens LGBT+ Network
- *This network aims to:
- *#"Support LGBT+ groups within Green Parties around the world to work together and support each other;
- *#Support Green Parties looking to set-up LGBT+ groups, and;
- *#Promote LGBT+ equality as outlined in the Global Greens Charter."
- Global Greens Parliamentarians Network
- *This network is composed of Green Members of Parliament from Global Greens member parties and works to fulfill the following objectives:
- *# "To be active, in a coordinated manner, in our parliaments on issues of identified global concern, in order to influence the governments of our countries, and the public whom we represent, to the goals specifically identified by the Global Greens;
- *# To develop a mutually-reinforcing and mutually-supportive network of MPs, as individuals, to help us each to become most effective in our parliamentary action, and realise our potential as movers of positive global change, and;
- *# To achieve positive change for Green goals at the global and regional levels through the strengthening of international institutions, including more parliamentarian representation and decision-making influence in those bodies."
- Global Greens Women's Network
- *This network supports the participation of Green women worldwide in democratic political processes, by focusing on:
- *# "Capacity building and empowerment: training and developing skills, such as public speaking and leadership;
- *# Governance and participation: confronting inequalities at the organizational level and exchanging best practices to tackle them and promote participation;
- *# Campaigning about major topics relevant to women: such as gender justice and climate change, and;
- *# Carrying out formal functions as part of global Greens governance: e.g. nominating women to the Asia-Pacific Greens Federation Council."
- Global Young Greens
- *This network is a "youth-led organization supporting and uniting the efforts of young people from a green-alternative spectrum around the world. It works towards ecological sustainability, social justice, grassroots democracy and peace."
Global Greens Ambassadors
Member parties
Member parties in the Americas
Affiliated members in North, Central and South America form the Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas.and Ajamu Baraka.
| Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | Notes |
| Green Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | In opposition in Tierra del Fuego | ||
| Partido Verde de Bolivia | ||||
| Partido Verde | In opposition | The party is represented in several state legislatures. | in coalition 2003–2008 | |
| Green Party of Canada/Parti vert du Canada | In opposition | Provincial: British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Prince Edward Island. Municipal: Vancouver City Council. | Confidence and supply agreement with NDP government in BC, and Official Opposition party in PEI | |
| Partido Ecologista | in opposition | Two seats on regional boards. | One seat in the Chamber of Deputies as part of the Broad Front coalition. | |
| Alianza Verde | In opposition | Enrique Peñalosa, a green, is mayor of Bogota. The party also has 3 regional governors and several mayors. | ||
| Partido Ecologista Verde de México | In opposition | Represented in several regional parliaments | The party is criticized for its support of the death penalty, and alleged corruption. | |
| Partido Ecologista Alternative Verde del Peru | ||||
| Green Party of the United States | Extraparliamentary opposition | The party has representation on the Minneapolis, Laredo, Madison, and several smaller city councils. | The party was formerly represented in the AR, CA, MD, and ME, state legislatures. | |
| Movimiento Ecológico de Venezuela | Extraparliamentary opposition |
Member parties in Asia and Oceania
Affiliated members in Asia, Pacific and Oceania form the Asia-Pacific Green Network., 2019.
| Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | Notes |
| Australian Greens | In opposition | In coalition in A.C.T., represented in most states and territories | in coalition in Tasmania 2010–14 | |
| Green Party Taiwan | Extraparliamentary opposition | Represented in Taoyuan and Hsinchu County | ||
| Trees Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | ||
| India Greens Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | ||
| Greens Japan | Extraparliamentary opposition | Kazumi Inamura, a green, is mayor of Amagasaki | ||
| Mongolian Green Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | ||
| Green Civil Society | unknown | |||
| Green Party of Pakistan | unknown | unknown | ||
| Papua New Guinea Greens | Extraparliamentary Opposition | unknown | ||
| Green Party of the Philippines | unknown | unknown | ||
| Green Party of Korea | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | ||
| Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand | Confidence and supply | Dunedin Mayor Aaron Hawkins is a member of the Green party. The party endorsed current mayor of Auckland Phil Goff and is represented on Auckland and Wellington city councils. |
Member parties in Africa
Affiliated parties in Africa form the Federation of Green Parties of Africa.| Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | Notes |
| Partido Nacional Ecológico de Angola | unknown | unknown | ||
| Les Verts du Benin | Extraparliamentary Opposition | unknown | ||
| Parti Ecologiste pour le Développement du Burkina | unknown | unknown | ||
| Rally of the Ecologists of Burkina | unknown | unknown | ||
| Burundi Green Movement | unknown | unknown | ||
| Mouvement des Verts de Centrafique | unknown | unknown | ||
| Union des Ecologistes Tchadiens - LES VERTS | unknown | unknown | ||
| Rassemblement des écologistes congolais | Extraparliamentary Opposition | unknown | Represented in parliament 2006–11 | |
| Egyptian Greens | unknown | unknown | ||
| Parti Vert Gabonais/Gabon Green Party | unknown | unknown | ||
| Ghana Green Movement | unknown | unknown | ||
| Parti des Ecologistes Guineens | unknown | unknown | ||
| Parti Ecologique Ivoirien | unknown | unknown | ||
| Mazingira Green Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | ||
| Madagascar Green Party | unknown | unknown | ||
| Parti Ecologiste du Mali | unknown | unknown | ||
| Les Verts Fraternels | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | In coalition 2005–10. | |
| Les Verts | unknown | unknown | ||
| Ecological Party of Mozambique | Extraparliamentary opposition | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Rassemblement pour un Sahel Vert | unknown | unknown | ||
| Green Party of Nigeria | unknown | unknown | ||
| Democratic Green Party of Rwanda | In opposition | unknown | ||
| Les Verts | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Represented in parliament between 2007 and 2012 | |
| Sierra Leone Green Party | unknown | unknown | ||
| Democratic Green Party of Somalia | unknown | unknown | ||
| South African Green Alliance | unknown | unknown | ||
| Afrique Togo Ecologie | unknown | unknown | ||
| Tunisie Verte | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | ||
| Ecological Party of Uganda | unknown | unknown | ||
| National Revolution Green Party Zambia | unknown | unknown |
Member parties in Europe
Affiliated members in Europe form the European Green Party., Swedish Minister for Culture and Democracy, 2019
, mayor of Amsterdam
| Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | European Parliament | Notes |
| Green Party of Albania | In opposition | in opposition 34 local councillors, 8 in urban municipalities and 26 in rural municipalities | Not an EU member | ||
| Partit Verds d'Andorra | In opposition | The party hasn't participated in recent local elections | Not an EU member | ||
| Die Grünen | Junior party in coalition | in coalition in Upper Austria, Carinthia, Tyrol, Salzburg, Vorarlberg and Vienna | In opposition | ||
| Ecolo | In opposition | In opposition in Wallonia and Brussels-Capital Region | In opposition | Form one Parliamentary group in the Federal Parliament | |
| Groen | In opposition | In opposition in Flanders | In opposition | Form one Parliamentary group in the Federal Parliament | |
| Zelena Partija | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Cyprus Green Party | In opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Strana zelených | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | In coalition 2006–10 | |
| Estonian Greens | In opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Vihreät/De Gröna | Junior party in coalition | Represented in several municipalities. It has the second largest group of councillors in Helsinki | In opposition | In coalition 1995–2003, 2007–2014 | |
| Europe Écologie–Les Verts | In opposition | Senior coalition partner in Grenoble, Lyon, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Marseille and Besançon. Also in coalition in Occitanie, Nouvelle Aquitaine, Centre-Val de Loire and Paris, Nantes, Rennes. | In opposition | In coalition 1997–2002, 2012–14, represented in parliament 1997-2017 | |
| Sakartvelo's Mtsvaneta Partia/Green Party of Georgia | unknown | unknown | Not an EU member | ||
| Bündnis '90/Die Grünen | In opposition | Senior coalition partner in the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg, also junior coalition party in 10 of 16 states. Senior coalition partner in the cities of Stuttgart, Darmstadt, Freiburg im Breisgau and Heidelberg | in opposition | in coalition 1998–2005 | |
| Ecologoi Prasinoi/Ecologist Greens | In opposition | Represented in most Regional parliaments | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Lehet Más a Politika | In opposition | 54 seats in local city councils | In opposition | ||
| Green Party/Comhaontas Glas | Junior party in coalition | 2 MLA, 49 councillors in ROI local government, 8 in NI local government | 2 MEPs | In coalition in ROI 2007–2011, 2020–present | |
| Federazione dei Verdi | Extraparliamentary opposition | The party has one regional councilor in Campania participating in the coalition | Extraparliamentary opposition | In coalition 1996–2001 | |
| Verdi–Grüne–Vërc | Extraparliamentary opposition | The party has 3 members in the Landtag of South Tyrol. | Extraparliamentary opposition | Part of the Federazione dei Verdi before 2013 | |
| Latvijas Zaļā partija | In opposition | Represented in several city councils, most notably in rural areas. | Extraparliamentary opposition | Part of the Union of Greens and Farmers since 2002; Prime minister, in coalition 2002–11 and 2014–2019 | |
| Déi Gréng | Junior party in coalition | Roberto Traversini, a green, is mayor of Differdange | In opposition | ||
| Alternattiva Demokratika | Extraparliamentary opposition | One green councillor in Ħ'Attard | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Partidul Ecologist "Alianța Verde" din Moldova | unknown | unknown | Not an EU member | ||
| De Groenen | Extraparliamentary opposition | 1/26 seats in Water board Amstel, Gooi en Vecht | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| GroenLinks | In opposition | Senior coalition partner in Noord-Holland, Groningen and Utrecht; junior partner in five more provinces. It is represented in most municipalities, it has the largest group of councillors in Nijmegen, Utrecht, Groningen and Amsterdam and is the senior government party there. Femke Halsema is Mayor of Amsterdam. | in opposition | ||
| Demokratska Obnova na Makedonija | In opposition | unknown | Not an EU member | ||
| Miljøpartiet De Grønne | In opposition | In coalition in Oslo and Trondheim, represented in other big cities | in opposition | ||
| Partia Zieloni | In opposition | Represented in the regional parliaments of Silesia and West Pomerania, and the city councils of Warsaw and Opole | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Partido Ecologista Os Verdes | Confidence and supply | in coalition in some municipalities | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Green Party of Romania | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Zelenaya Alternativa | unknown | unknown | Not an EU member | ||
| Scottish Green Party | With 6 MSPs, the party currently holds the balance of power in the Scottish Parliament. | The party has 7 councillors in Glasgow and 8 in Edinburgh. | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Strana Zelených | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | Represented in parliament between 1990 and 2002 | |
| Stranka mladih Slovenije/Youth Party of Slovenia | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | ||
| Equo | 1 deputy elected under the banner of Más País | In coalition in Madrid, Zaragoza, Valencia, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela | In opposition | ||
| Miljöpartiet de Gröna | Junior party in coalition | Represented in several municipalities, especially in urban areas. | In opposition | ||
| Green Party of Switzerland | In opposition | Junior party in coalition cabinet in 7 cantons. Also in coalition in Bern, Geneva, Zurich, or Basel-City. | Not an EU member | ||
| Partija Zelenych Ukrajiny/Party of Greens of Ukraine | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Not an EU member | ||
| Green Party of England and Wales | The party is represented in parliament by one MP and two life peer | The party is in coalition in Stroud and York, and has large groups of councillors in Solihull, Bristol and Brighton and Hove. It also has 2 London AMs | In opposition | The party dominated the Brighton and Hove City Council between 2011 and 2015. |
Observers and associate member parties
| Country | Name | Government | Notes |
| Federation for a Democratic China, Australia | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Azerbaijan Greens | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Belarusian Party "The Greens" | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Zelenite/The Greens | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Cartago Green Party | Extraparliamentary Opposition | Represented at the local level | |
| Socialistisk Folkeparti | Parliamentary support | In coalition 2011–14 | |
| Partido Verde Dominicano | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Les Verts de Guyane | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Partido Los Verdes de Guatemala | unknown | ||
| Atjeh Greens | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Indonesian Green Party | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Sarekat Hijau | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Hariyali Nepal Party | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Verdes en Alianza | unknown | ||
| Philippines Greens | unknown | ||
| Green Russia | Extraparliamentary Opposition | ||
| Zeleni Srbije/Greens of Serbia | Junior party in coalition | ||
| Sri Lanka Green Alliance | Extraparliamentary Opposition |