GEGL is modelled after a directed acyclic graph, where each node represents an image operation, and each edge represents an image. Operations can in general take several input images and give several output images, which corresponds to having several incoming edges and several outgoing edges at a given node. The system uses an on-demand model, doing work only as required. This allows features such as having very quick previews while editing, and once the user has finished making changes, GEGL will repeat the same operations in full resolution for the final image in the background.
Operations
An operation is a node within a GEGL graph responsible for one action; ops can be:
simple, such as "add" or "premultiply by alpha"
complex, such as colorspace conversions
GEGL also has a notion of meta operations, where one operation can be constructed from other operations.
babl
babl, a support library for GEGL, provides a generic way to deal with color-space conversions; babl operates abstracting the fundamental color operations so that GEGL need not be aware of them. Through babl, GEGL provides an optimized and powerful treatment of arbitrary color data; this enables dependent applications to efficiently support a wide range of color spaces with minimal extra application code.
OpenRaster
OpenRaster is an XMLfile format used for saving raster graphics. GEGL's lead developer Øyvind Kolås has helped specifying OpenRaster so that it is capable of saving a GEGL graph.
History
GEGL was originally conceived as a GIMP core replacement in 2000 by Rhythm & Huessoftware engineers, finally in 2006 the external API was deemed stable enough and capable of replacing the GIMP core. On 20 December 2007, it was added to the development version of GIMP. Some of GIMP's tools have already been converted to GEGL operations; mostly tools which modify colors, brightness or contrast have been converted. Version 0.2.0 is Part of Gimp 2.8.xx and Series 0.3.xx is Part of 2.9.x and in 2.10.0 Release Candidates. 0.4.0 is first Version for Version 2.10.0 of Gimp. As of unstable 2.9.x series, all of GIMP's core relies on GEGL, and almost half of filters have been replaced with GEGL operations. Target is 100% of filters in GEGL in 2.10 and later. Historically, the GEGL mascot, a five-legged goat created by George Lebl, found life as an easter egg in GNOME desktops.
OpenCL
Some of GEGL's operations are available in OpenCL-based hardware-accelerated version. A 3rd party effort, called GEGL-OpenCL, of converting more operations to OpenCL was started by Stream HPC in 2016. The project was stagnant starting May 2017, but was revived in the summer of 2019.