The Fréjus Road Tunnel is a tunnel that connects France and Italy. It runs under Col du Fréjus in the Cottian Alps between Modane in France and Bardonecchia in Italy. It is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes between France and Italy being used for 80% of the commercial road traffic. Construction of the long tunnel started in 1974, and it came into service on 12 July 1980, leading to the closure of the motorailshuttle service in the Fréjus rail tunnel. It cost 2 billion francs. It is the tenth longest road tunnel in the world. The French section is managed by the French company SFTRF, and the Italian section by the Italian company SITAF.. The tunnel can be reached from the Italian side by the A32 Torino-Bardonecchia motorway, or by SS335 from Oulx, which joins SS24, and reaches Bardonecchia after. From the French side, it can be reached by the A43 from Lyon and Chambéry. A toll is charged to all traffic. Over 20 million vehicles passed through the tunnel during the first 20 years.
Safety
Following a 1999 accident in the Mont Blanc tunnel, measures were taken at the start of 2000 to improve safety in the tunnel. A strict speed limit, and a safe distance of between vehicles was imposed. The tunnel was equipped with the latest smoke and flame detectors, and a system of videocameras in the tunnel to detect the speed of traffic, as well as fire and smoke. Temperature sensors were installed at short distances throughout the tunnel, monitored from a central control post. Fire hydrants were installed every 130 m, fed from large water tanks. There are 11 safety points along the tunnel, equipped with telephones and loud speakers connected to the control room, with a separate ventilation duct to supply fresh air. These are separated from the main tunnel by two fire doors; the outer door closes automatically when the temperature in the tunnel reaches a certain level. Finally there is a ‘thermal gate’ system at each entrance to identify any overheating vehicles. Despite these measures, on 4 June 2005, a fire caused the death of two Slovak lorry drivers, and the closure of the tunnel to traffic for several weeks. It reopened to cars on 4 August 2005, and later to commercial vehicles. The tunnel was also briefly closed due to non-fatal fires on 9 January 2007, 29 November 2010, and 10April 2014. A second shaft, parallel to the existing one at a distance of, is under construction. Work began in 2009, following EU regulations put in place after the Mont Blanc Tunnel fire. Originally planned as an wide rescue tunnel, an agreement was reached in 2012 to open the new shaft to traffic towards France while converting one lane of the existing shaft into an emergency lane. The breakthrough occurred on 17 November 2014. The new shaft is due to open to traffic on October 1, 2021 at the earliest. As there will still be a single lane for each direction, the capacity of the tunnel will remain unchanged. Both shafts will be connected by a series of passages, five of which can be used by emergency vehicles. The firefighting team consists of four intervention teams: positioned on the Italian and French sides, and two inside the tunnel, about from each end.
